Local monomialization of analytic maps (Q502661)

In the article under review remarkable local monomialization theorems for morphisms of complex and real analytic spaces are proved. They are analogous to similar ones that had been previously obtained by the author in the context of algebraic varieties over a field of characteristic zero. Recall that a morphism \(\phi : Y \to X\) of analytic manifolds is \textit{monomial} at \(p \in Y\) if there are local coordinates \(x_1, \ldots, x_m, x_{m+1}, \ldots, x_t\) at \(\phi(p)\), \(y_1, \ldots, y_n\) at \(p\), an \(m\) by \(n\) matrix \((c_{ij})\) with \(\geq 0\) integral coefficients and rank \(m\) such that \(\phi ^{*}(x_i)= \prod_{j=1}^{n}y_j ^{c_{ij}} \) for \(1 \leq i \leq m\) while \(\phi ^{*}(x_i)=0\) for \(m < i \leq t\). The main result of the paper also involves the notion of \textit{étoile} over an analytic space \(X\). This notion, introduced by Hironaka around 1970, is an analogue of the concept of valuation on the function field of an algebraic variety. An étoile \(e\) over a complex analytic space \(X\) is a category of morphisms \(f:X' \to X\) which are finite sequences of local blow ups, satisfying certain properties. If \(f \in e\) then there is a well defined point \(e_{X'} \in X'\), called the centre of \(f\) at \(X'\). Then the author proves the following result (Theorem 1.2). If \(\phi:Y \to X\) is a morphism of reduced complex analytic spaces and \(e\) is an étoile over \(Y\), then there are morphisms of complex analytic spaces \(\alpha:X_e \to X\), \(\beta : Y_e \to Y\), \(\phi_e:Y_e \to X_e\), such that \(\alpha \phi_e = \phi \beta\), \(\beta \in e\), \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are finite products of local blow ups with non singular centres, \(Y_e\) and \(X_e\) are manifolds and \(\phi_{e}\) is monomial at the centre \(e_{Y_e}\). Moreover, off a closed analytic subspace \(F_e\) of \(X_e\) the map induced by \(\alpha\) is an open embedding and \(\phi ^{-1}(F_e)\) is nowhere dense in \(Y_e\). A seemingly stronger version of this result (Theorem 8.13 of the paper) can be derived using properties of the \textit{voûte étoilée}, i.e., the collection of all the étoiles of an analytic space, which can be endowed with a useful topology (another contribution of Hironaka). Using methods of complexification of real analytic spaces (also due to Hironaka) the author obtains an analogue of Theorem 8.13 for real analytic spaces (Theorem 9.7), although the precise statement is somewhat more complicated. The proofs of the previous results in the case of algebraic varieties, obtained elsewhere by the author using (among others) techniques of Valuation Theory, do not directly generalize to the present analytic context. New methods are introduced, e.g., the notion of ``independence of variables'' for an étoile, which replaces the concept of rational rank of a valuation of the algebraic situation. The proofs of the theorems of the present paper are quite involved.