Arithmeticity of some hypergeometric monodromy groups in Sp(4) (Q502714)

Consider the equation \[ D(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n,\beta_1,\beta_n)u=0, \] where \[ D(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n,\beta_1,\dots,\beta_m)=(z\frac{d}{dz}-\beta_1+1)\dots(z\frac{d}{dz}-\beta_n+1)-z(z\frac{d}{dz}-\alpha_1)\dots(z\frac{d}{dz}-\alpha_n), \] and \(\alpha_i\), \(\beta_j\in\mathbb{Q}\). Let \(\alpha_i-\beta_j\notin\mathbb{Z}\) then the monodromy matrices of the bypass around \(0\) and \(\infty\) are the companion matrices of two polynomials \(f\) and \(g\). In the paper under review, the case \(n=4\) is considered. Also, it is suggested that \(f\) and \(g\) are degree \(4\) polynomials that are products of cyclotomic polynomials and do not have common roots, \(f(0)=g(0)=1\), \(f(x)\neq f_1(x^k)\), \(g(x)\neq g_1(x^k)\) for any \(f_1\), \(g_1\). The case is considered when the monodromy group of this equation is a subgroup of \(Sp_4(\mathbb{C})\). It is called symplectic if it has a finite index in \(Sp_4(\mathbb{Z})\). In the paper [the author and \textit{T. N. Venkataramana}, Duke Math. J. 163, No. 3, 591--617 (2014; Zbl 1287.22005)] a list of \(51\) pairs of such polynomials was given for which the absolute value of the leading coefficient of the difference polynomial is greater than \(2\). The arithmeticity of the monodromy group defined by some of these polynomials was investigated earlier. In some cases the corresponding monodromy group turned out to be arithmetic. In this article, the authors show that \(15\) of the remaining \(26\) monodromy groups are arithmetic.