Continued fractions for some transcendental numbers (Q504109)

This paper generalizes results by the author given in [J. Integer Seq. 18, No. 8, Article 15.8.4, 10 p. (2015; Zbl 1378.11075)]. The main result concerns the sum \[ S={p\over q}+\sum_{j=2}^{\infty}\, {1\over x_j},\eqno{(*)} \] with \(p/q\) a rational number in its lowest terms and \[ x_{n+1}x_{n-1}=x_n^{2}(z_nx_n+1),\;n\geq 2, \] where \((z_n)\) is a sequence of positive integers, \(x_1=q\) and \(x_2\) specified suitably. The results are given in the next statement. Theorem 2.1. If the ordinary continued fraction of \(p/q\) is given by \[ {p\over q}=[a_0;a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{2k}] \] for some \(k\geq 0\) (without loss of generality the final index may be assumed to be even), then the sequence \((x_n)\) is increasing and satisfies \(x_n|x_{n+1}\). Moreover, the partial sums of \((*)\) are given by \[ S_n:={p\over q}+\sum_{j=2}^n\,{1\over x_j}=[a_0;a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{2(k+n-1)}],\;n\geq 1, \] where the coefficients \(a_m\;(m\geq 2k+1)\) are given by \[ a_{2k+2j-1}=y_{j-1}z_j,\;a_{2k+2j}=x_j\;(j\geq 1) \] and \(y_0=q_{2k-1}+1,\;y_n=x_{n+1}/x_n\;(n\geq 1)\). With the aid of a growth lemma on the \(x_n\) and Roth's theorem, it is also shown that the sum of \((*)\) is transcendental.