On Riemann surfaces of genus \(g\) with \(4g\) automorphisms (Q505374)

A Riemann surface of genus \(g\) has at most \(84(g-1)\) automorphisms. It is usual to write the number of automorphisms of Riemann surfaces of genus \(g\) as a linear expression of the form \(ag+b\), but very little is known on surfaces with \(ag+b\) automorphisms for given values of \(a\) and \(b\). The paper under review is devoted to the surfaces with \(4g\) automorphisms, and the authors obtain amazingly complete results, for nearly all values of \(g\). There appear three exceptional genera, namely \(g=3,6,15\), with an additional uniparametric family, and also one or two exceptional families of surfaces of genus \(g\) for \(g=3,6,12\) and \(30\). With those exceptions, if \(X\) is a Riemann surface of genus \(g\) with \(4g\) automorphisms, then the automorphism group \(G\) of \(X\) is the dihedral group \(D_{2g}\). These surfaces form the family \(\mathcal{F}_g\). Then, the authors consider the group of conformal and anticonformal automorphisms of \(X \in \mathcal{F}_g\). If it contains strictly \(G\), it turns to be either \(D_{2g} \times C_2\) or \(D_{4g}\), the last one only for even values of \(g\). The subset of \(\mathcal{F}_g\) formed by surfaces having anticonformal automorphisms is called \(\mathbb{R} \mathcal{F}_g\). Also, the authors obtain the symmetry types of the Riemann surfaces belonging to \(\mathcal{F}_g\). There are four conjugacy classes of anticonformal involutions, and the sets of topological types are either \(\{+2, 0, -2, -2\}\) for \(g\) odd and \(\{+1, 0, -1, -3\}\) for \(g\) even, or \(\{-1, -1, -g, -g\}\). Finally, it is proved that the set of points \(\mathcal{F}_g\) in the moduli space \(\mathcal{M}_g\) is the three-punctured Riemann sphere. It admits an anticonformal involution whose fixed points set consists of three arcs. Its closure in \(\widehat{\mathcal{M}_g}\) is a closed Jordan curve, and the difference between both of them consists of three points, two nodal surfaces and the Wiman curve of type II with \(8g\) automorphisms. Thus, the intersection of \(\mathcal{M}_g\) with \(\mathbb{R} \mathcal{F}_g\) has two connected components.