Chaotic orbits for systems of nonlocal equations (Q507175)

The goal of the article is to provide solutions properties of the following equation \[ (*):\;\mathcal{L}(Q)(x)+a(x)\nabla W(Q(x))=0, \] for \(\mathcal{L}(Q)\) is the integrodifferential operator given in terms of \(Q\) and \(K\), whih are respectively, a \(\mathbb R^n\)-valued measurable function on \(\mathbb R\), and an pair positive interaction kernel on \(\mathbb R\) satisfying \[ \frac{\theta_0(1-s)\mathcal{X}_{[-\rho_0,\rho_0]}(x)}{|x|^{1+2s}}\leq K(x)\leq \frac{\Theta_0(1-s)}{|x|^{1+2s}}, \] for some \(\rho_0\in(0,1],\) \(\Theta_0\geq\theta_0>0\), \(\mathcal{X}_{[-\rho_0,\rho_0]}\) represents the indicator function of \([-\rho_0,\rho_o]\), and \(\displaystyle |\nabla K(x)|\leq\frac{\Theta_1}{|x|^{2+2s}}\) for some \(\Theta_1>0\), \(W\in C^{1,1}(\mathbb R^n),\) \(W(\tau+\xi)=W(\tau)\) for any \((\tau,\xi)\in \mathbb R^n\times\mathbb Z^n\), and \(W(\xi)=0\) for \(\xi\in \mathbb Z^n\) and \(W(\tau)>0\) for \(\tau\in \mathbb R^n\setminus\mathbb Z^n\). Furthermore, there exist \(r\in (0,\frac{1}{4}], c_0\in(0,1)\), and \(C_0>1\) such that \(c_0|\tau|^2\leq W(\tau)\leq C_0|\tau|^2\) for any \(\tau\in B_r\). Then by assuming that \(\xi_1\in \mathbb Z^n\) and \(N\in\mathbb N\), the authors state that there exist \(\xi_2,\xi_3,\ldots,\xi_N\in (\mathbb Z^n)^{N-1}\) and \(b_1,b_2\ldots,b_{2N-2}\in \mathbb R^{2N-2}\) with \(b_{i+1}\geq 3+b_i\) for \(i\in \{1,2,\ldots,2N-3\}\) and \((*)\) has a solution \(Q_*\) such that \(\xi_{i+1}\neq\xi_i\) for \(i\in\{1,\ldots,N-1\}\), \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to-\infty}Q_*(x)=\xi_1,\displaystyle\sup_{x\in(-\infty,b_1]}|Q_*(x)-\xi_1|\leq \frac{1}{4}\), \(\displaystyle \sup_{x\in [b_{2i},b_{2i+1}]}|Q_*(x)-\xi_{i+1}|\leq \frac{1}{4}\) for \(i\in \{1,\ldots,N-2\}\), \(\displaystyle\sup_{x\in[b_{2N-2},\infty)}|Q_*(x)-\xi_N|\leq\frac{1}{4}\), and \(\displaystyle\lim_{x\to\infty}Q_*(x)=\xi_N\). This latter result is linked to the following three orbits. A heteroclinic orbit, i.e., a path in phase space which joins two different equilibrium points. A homoclinic orbit, i.e., the intersection between a stable and unstable manifold of an equilibrium, and a chaotic orbit.