S-shaped and broken S-shaped bifurcation curves for a multiparameter diffusive logistic problem with Holling type-III functional response (Q507304)

The paper contains the investigation of the exact multiplicity and bifurcation curves of positive solutions for a multiparameter diffusive logistic problem with Holling type-III functional response \[ \begin{cases} u''(x)+\lambda \left [r u (1-\frac{u}{q})-\frac{u^{p}}{1+u^{p}} \right]=0, \quad -1<x<1,\\ u(-1)=u(1)=0 ,\end{cases} \] where \(u\) is the population density of the species, \(p > 1\), \(q\), \(r\) are two positive dimensionless parameters, and \(\lambda > 0\) is a bifurcation parameter. For fixed \(p > 1\) it is assumed that \(q\), \(r\) satisfy one of the conditions: i) \(r \neq \eta^{*}_{1,p} q\) and \((q, r)\) lies above the curve \[ \Gamma_{1}=\left\{ (q,r) : q(a)=\frac{a[2a^{p}-(p-2)]}{a^{p}-(p-1)}\right\}, \;r(a)=\frac{a^{p-1}[2a^{p}-(p-2)]}{(a^{p}+1)^{2}}, \;\root p \of{p-1}<a<C_{p}^{\ast}; \] ii) \(r \neq \eta^{*}_{2,p} q\) and \((q, r)\) lies above the curve \(\Gamma_{1}\), where \(\eta^{*}_{1,p}\) and \(\eta^{*}_{2,p}\) are two positive constants. The main results of this paper are formulated in three theorems, in which a classification of three qualitatively different bifurcation curves is given: an S-shaped curve, a broken S-shaped curve, and a monotonically increasing curve. Thus, the paper describes the method for determination of the exact multiplicity of positive solutions with respect to the values of \(q\), \(r\) and \(\lambda\).