A note on the Kakeya maximal operator and radial weights on the plane (Q511501)

Let \(\mathcal B_N^a\) be the set of all rectangles in \(\mathbb R^n\) which are pointed to all possible directions and are congruent with \([0,a]^{n-1}\times[0,aN]\). The Kakeya maximal operator without dilation \(K_N^a\) is defined by \(K_N^af(x):=\sup_{x\in R\in\mathcal B_N^a}|R|^{-1}\int_R |f(y)|dy\), and the Kakeya maximal operator is defined by \(K_Nf(x):=\sup_{a>0}K_N^af(x)\). It is conjectured that \(K_N\) is bounded on \(L^n(\mathbb R^n)\) with norm which grows not faster than \(O((\log N)^{\alpha_n})\) for some \(\alpha_n>0\) as \(N\to\infty\). When \(n=2\), the optimal bound \(\|K_N^af\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^2)}\leq C\sqrt{\log N}\|f\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^2)}\) was proved by A.~Córdoba in 1977. The authors carry over this result to the following weight setting: For \(w(x)=w_0(|x|)\), (Doubling condition) For all \(\leq r_1\leq r_1'\leq r_2\leq r_2<\infty\) with \(r_2-r_1=2(r_2'-r_1')\), it holds \(\int_{r_1}^{r_2}w_0(r)dr\leq C \int_{r_1'}^{r_2'}w_0(r)dr\); (Supremum condition) For all \(0<r_1<r_2<\infty\) it holds \(\sup_{r_1<r<r_2}w_0(r)\leq C(r_2-r_1)^{-1}\int_{r_1}^{r_2}w_0(r)dr\). The weighted Kakeya maximal operator without dilation is defined by \(K_{N,w}^af(x):=\sup_{x\in R\in\mathcal B_N^a}|R|^{-1}\int_R |f(y)|dy\). Theorem 1.1: Assume that \(w\) satisfies the doubling condition and the supremum condition. Then there exists \(C>0\) wich depends only on constants in the doubling and supremum conditions, such that \(\|K_{N,w}^af\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^2,w)} \leq C\sqrt{\log N}\|f\|_{L^2(\mathbb R^2,w)}\) for all \(N\geq2\) and \(a>0\) and \(f\in L^2(\mathbb R^2,w)\). Precise optimality is discussed for the weights \(|x|^\lambda\) \((\lambda>0)\) and \(\log(1+|x|)\).