Realizing posets as prime spectra of Leavitt path algebras (Q511859)

The authors investigate the realization question of posets as prime spectra of (not necessarily commutative) rings. Consider a poset \((P;\leq)\) as a directed graph \(E_P\) with vertices corresponding to the elements of \(P\) and edges to related pairs in \(P\times P\), let \(L_K(E_P)\) be the Leavitt path algebra over the field \(K\) corresponding to \(E_P\), and let \(\mathrm{Spec}(L_K(E_P))\) be the spectrum consisting of prime ideals of the algebra partially ordered by inclusion. The main results of the paper are as follows. Denote by \(E_P^0\) the set of vertices. The mapping \(\varphi:P\to \mathrm{Spec}(L_K(E_P))\), \(p\mapsto \langle \{w\in E_P^0|w{\not\geq}v_p\}\rangle\) is order-preserving and it is an order-isomorphism if and only if \(P\) satisfies the DCC. For a poset \((P,\leq )\) define a binary relation \(\preccurlyeq\) on the power set \({\mathcal P}(P)\) by \(S_1\preccurlyeq S_2\) if for every \(s_2\in S_2\) there is an \(s_1\in S_1\) with \(s_1\leq s_2\). If both \(S_1\preccurlyeq S_2\) and \(S_2\preccurlyeq S_1\) then we write \(S_1\approx S_2\). Then \(\approx\) is an equivalence, and \(\preccurlyeq\) induces an order on the factor-set \({\mathcal P}(P)/\approx\). From \(P\) by adjoining to the class \([S]\) of every downward directed set \(S\) without least element a greatest lower bound \(x_{[S]}\), we obtain \({\mathcal A}(P)\), to which the order \(\leq\) naturally extends via \(\preccurlyeq\). Then we have that the posets \(\mathrm{Spec}(L_K(E_P))\) and \({\mathcal A}(P)\) are order-isomorphic. Denote by \({\mathcal R}(P)\) the subset of \(P\) obtained by removing each element of \(P\) which arises as the g.l.b. of a downward directed subset of \(P\) not containing a least element. Define the following three properties. {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(GLB)] Every downward directed subset of \(P\) has a g.l.b. in \(P\). (This is equivalent to the condition that \(P\) has a g.l.b. for every chain as noted by George Bergman.) \item[(DC)] For every downward directed subset \(S\) of \(P\) and every \(p\in{\mathcal R}(P)\) satisfying \(p \geq \text{g.l.b}(S)\), we have \(p \geq s\) for some \(s \in S\). \item[(DD)] For every downward directed subset \(S\) of \(P\) such that \(\text{g.l.b}(S)\in P\), there exists a downward directed subset \(T\) of \({\mathcal R}(P)\) satisfying \(\text{g.l.b}(S) =\text{g.l.b}(T)\). \end{itemize}} The central result of the paper is that the posets \(P\) and \({\mathcal A}({\mathcal R}(P))\) are order-isomorphic if and only if \(P\) satisfies the properties (GLD), (DC) and (DD), in which case there is an algebra over a field with prime spectrum order-isomorphic to \(P\). Furthermore, the authors discuss the extension to non-commutative rings of the following statement valid in commutative setting: If \(I \subset J\) are distinct prime ideals of \(R\), then there exist distinct prime ideals \(I'\) and \(J'\) of \(R\) such that \(I \subseteq I' \subset J' \subseteq J\), and there are no prime ideals lying properly between \(I'\) and \(J'\).