The non-hyperbolicity of irrational invariant curves for twist maps and all that follows (Q515352)

Summary: The key lemma of this article is: if a Jordan curve \(\gamma\) is invariant by a given \(C^{1+\alpha}\)-diffeomorphism \(f\) of a surface and if \(\gamma\) carries an ergodic hyperbolic probability \(\mu\), then \(\mu\) is supported on a periodic orbit. From this lemma we deduce three new results for the \(C^{1+\alpha}\) symplectic twist maps \(f\) of the annulus: {\parindent=7mm\begin{itemize}\item[1)] if \(\gamma\) is a loop at the boundary of an instability zone such that \(f_{|\gamma}\) has an irrational rotation number, then the convergence of any orbit to \(\gamma\) is slower than exponential; \item[2)] if \(\mu\) is an invariant probability that is supported in an invariant curve \(\gamma\) with an irrational rotation number, then \(\gamma\) is \(C^1\) \(\mu\)-almost everywhere; \item[3)] we prove a part of the so-called ``Greene criterion'', introduced by \textit{J. M. Greene} [``A method for determining a stochastic transition'', J. Math. Phys. 20, No. 6, 1183--1201 (1979; \url{doi:10.1063/1.524170})] and never proved: assume that \(({p_n}/{q_n})\) is a sequence of rational numbers converging to an irrational number \(\omega\); let \((f^k(x_n))_{1 \leq k \leq q_n}\) be a minimizing periodic orbit with rotation number \({p_n}/{q_n}\) and let us denote by \(\mathcal{R}_n\) its mean residue \(\mathcal{R}_n=\left|1/2-\mathrm{Tr}(Df^{q_n}(x_n))/4\right|^{1/q_n}\). Then, if \(\limsup_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \mathcal{R}_n>1\), the Aubry-Mather set with rotation number \(\omega\) is not supported in an invariant curve. \end{itemize}}