Unconventional height functions in simultaneous Diophantine approximation (Q515636)

For each function \(\Theta:\mathbb N^d\to\mathbb N\) (\(d\geq 1\)), the height function \(H_\Theta:\mathbb Q^d\to \mathbb N\) is defined by \[ H_\Theta\left(\frac{p_1}{q_1},\dots,\frac{p_d}{q_d}\right)=\Theta(q_1,\dots,q_d), \] where \(p_1/q_1,\dots,p_d/q_d\in\mathbb Q\) are given in reduced from. Classical simultaneous Diophantine approximation is concerned with the standard height function \(H_{\mathrm{lcm}}\), where \({\mathrm{lcm}}:\mathbb N^d\to\mathbb N\) is the least common multiple function. The standard height function has been treated with connection to the lattice \(\mathbb Z^d\). The aim of this paper is to broaden the viewpoint of simultaneous Diophantine approximation by considering alternative height functions. Specifically, the authors consider three nonstandard height functions \(H_{\max}\), \(H_{\min}\) and \(H_{\mathrm{prod}}\) defined by the maximum, minimum and product functions \({\max}\), \({\min}\) and \({\prod}:\mathbb N^d\to\mathbb N\). Then the authors compute their exponents of irrationality and give more precise results. The main technique of this paper is to generalize the correspondence between the continued fraction expansion of an irrational number and its Diophantine properties into higher dimension. A list of open questions is also given.