Generalized kinds of density and the associated ideals (Q519922)

The authors study generalized densities for subsets of \(\mathbb{N}\). The normal density of a subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{N}\) is given by \(\lim_n| A\cap n| /n\) (if it exists) and the upper density of \(A\) is \(\limsup_n| A\cap n| /n\). In this paper one takes a function \(g:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}\) and considers \(\lim_n| A\cap n| /g(n)\) and \(\limsup_n| A\cap n| /g(n)\), respectively. The main emphasis is on the ideal \(\mathcal{Z}_g\) of sets with (upper) \(g\)-density zero -- to have \(N\notin\mathcal{Z}_g\) one should have \(\lim_nn/g(n)\) be nonzero (or nonexisting). There is a family of \(\mathfrak{c}\) many such ideals that are all mutually incomparable with respect to inclusion. The paper ends with a few structural properties of the ideals \(\mathcal{Z}_g\): they are never \(F_\sigma\), and not always Erdős-Ulam ideals, in fact if \(g(n)=n^\alpha\) for some \(\alpha\in(0,1)\) then \(\mathcal{Z}_g\) is not Erdős-Ulam.