Chordal Loewner chains with quasiconformal extensions (Q522031)

The paper is devoted to sufficient conditions for quasiconformal extendibility of holomorphic functions in the right half-plane \(\mathbb H:=\{z:\text{Re}\,z>0\}\). Such criteria are applied to Loewner chains, that is to a family \((f_t)_{t\geq0}\) of holomorphic univalent functions \(f_t:\mathbb H\to\mathbb C\), \(f_s(\mathbb H)\subset f_t(\mathbb H)\) for all \(0\leq s<t<\infty\), and such that for any compact set \(K\subset\mathbb H\) there exists a non-negative locally integrable function \(k_K:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb R\) for which \[ |f_s(z)-f_t(z)|\leq\int_s^tk_K(\xi)d\xi \] for all \(z\in K\) and \(0\leq s\leq t\). The family \((f_t)\) is of chordal type if the family \((\varphi_{s,t})=(f_t^{-1}\circ f_s)\) has the common Denjoy-Wolff point \(\tau\) at \(\infty\), i.e., the point \(\tau\) in the closure of \(\mathbb H\) such that \(\varphi_{s,t}(\tau)=\tau\) and \(|\varphi'_{s,t}(\tau)|\leq1\). In case \(\tau=\infty\), \(\varphi'_{s,t}(\infty)\) is understood as the Carathéodory angular derivative at \(\infty\). A function \(p:\mathbb H\times[0,\infty)\) is called a Herglotz function in \(\mathbb H\) if \(p(\cdot,t)\) is holomorphic in \(\mathbb H\) for a.e. \(t\geq0\), \(p(z,\cdot)\) is locally integrable on \([0,\infty)\) for all \(z\in\mathbb H\), and \(\text{Re}\,p\geq0\). The authors prove their analogue of Becker's result. Theorem 1.1: Let \((f_t)\) be a Loewner chain of chordal type in \(\mathbb H\) with associated Herglotz function \(p(z,t):=-\dot f_t(z)/f'_t(z)\). Let \(k\in[0,1)\). If for all \(z\in\mathbb H\) and a.e. \(t\geq0\), \[ p(z,t)\in U(k):=\left\{w\in\mathbb C:\left|\frac{w-1}{w+1}\right|\leq k\right\}, \] then, for any \(t\geq0\), \(f_t\) has a \(k\)-quasiconformal extension to \(\overline{\mathbb C}\) with a fixed point at \(\infty\), and, for any \(s\geq0\) and any \(t\geq s\), \(\varphi_{s,t}=f_s^{-1}\circ f_t\) has a \(k\)-quasiconformal extension to \(\overline{\mathbb C}\) with a fixed point at \(\infty\). The next theorem presents a concrete criterion for quasiconformal extendibility of holomorphic functions in \(\mathbb H\). Theorem 1.3: Let \(k\in[0,1)\) and \(K:=(1+k)/(1-k)\). Let \(f:\mathbb H\to\mathbb C\) be a holomorphic function. Suppose that there exists a closed hyperbolic disk \(D\subset\mathbb H\) of radius \(\frac{1}{2}\log K\) such that the condition \[ \frac{f(z)}{f'(z)}-z\in D \] holds for all \(z\in\mathbb H\). Then \(f\) has a \(k\)-quasiconformal extension to \(\overline{\mathbb C}\) with a fixed point at \(\infty\). Moreover, if \(h:\mathbb H\to\mathbb C\) is another holomorphic function such that \[ \frac{1}{h'(z)f(z)}-z\in D \] for all \(z\in\mathbb H\), then \(h\) has a \(k\)-quasiconformal extension to \(\overline{\mathbb C}\) as well.