Rank 2 wall-crossing and the Serre correspondence (Q522677)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective threefold, and let \(\mathcal{R}\) be a reflexive sheaf on \(X\) of rank \(2\). The authors study Quot schemes of \(0\)-dimensional quotients of \(\mathcal{R}\) of length \(n\), \(\text{Quot}(\mathcal{R},n)\), for any \(n\). The main result of the paper (Theorem 1.2) is a computation of the generating function of Euler characteristics, \(e\left(\text{Quot}(\mathcal{R},n)\right)\), under the assumptions that \(H^1(\det (\mathcal{R}))=H^2(\det (\mathcal{R}))=0\), and that there exists a cosection \(\mathcal{R}\to \mathcal{O}_X\) cutting out a \(1\)-dimensional closed subscheme. More precisely the following equality is proved: \[ \sum_{n=0}^\infty e\left(\text{Quot}(\mathcal{R},n)\right) q^n = M(q)^{2e(X)} \sum_{n=0}^\infty e\left(\text{Quot}(\mathcal{E}xt^1(\mathcal{R}, \mathcal{O}_X),n)\right) q^n \, , \] where \(M(q)\) is the MacMahon function counting 3D partitions. As it is observed in the article, \(\mathcal{E}xt^1(\mathcal{R}, \mathcal{O}_X)\) is a \(0\)-dimensional sheaf, supported on the singularities of \(\mathcal{R}\), of length \(c_3(\mathcal{R})\). Therefore \newline \(\sum_{n=0}^\infty e\left(\text{Quot}(\mathcal{E}xt^1(\mathcal{R}, \mathcal{O}_X),n)\right) q^n\) is a polynomial of degree \(c_3(\mathcal{R})\). The authors conjecture that Theorem 1.2 holds true without the assumptions on \(H^i(\det (\mathcal{R}))\), and the existence of the cosection. Theorem 1.2 is then applied, together with \(T\)-localization, to derive a formula to compute the Euler characteristics \(e\left(\text{Quot}(\mathcal{R},n)\right)\), for any \(n\), in the case where \(X=\mathbb{C}^3\) and \(\mathcal{R}\) is equivariant with respect to the natural action by \(T=({\mathbb{C}^*})^3\). This formula was already obtained in [\textit{A. Gholampour} et al., ``Rank 2 sheaves on toric 3-folds: classical and virtual counts'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1509.03536}]. Theorem 1.2 is proved using Hartshorne-Serre correspondence (that is reviewed in the article), and a rank \(2\) version of a Hall algebra calculation by \textit{J. Stoppa} and \textit{R. P. Thomas} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 139, No. 3, 297--339 (2011; Zbl 1243.14009)].