A higher dimensional Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem for Hamiltonian flows (Q523076)

The classical Poincaré-Birkhoff fixed point theorem assures the existence of at least two fixed points for area-preserving homeomorphisms of the planar annulus keeping both boundary circles invariant and twisting them in opposite directions. This paper provides an extension of this result to higher-dimensional Hamiltonian systems of the form \[ \dot z = J\nabla H (t, z) , \quad z = (x, y) \in\mathbb R^{2N}, \] with \( H = H (t, z) =H (t, x, y)\) continuous, \(T\)-periodic in \(t\), \(2\pi\)-periodic in \(x\) and a continuously defined gradient with respect to \(z\), denoted by \(\nabla H\). Under suitable assumptions, the authors obtain two theorems on the existence of at least \(N + 1\) distinct \(T\)-periodic solutions. They apply their results to pendulum-type systems and weakly-coupled superlinear systems.