Linear differential equations on the Riemann sphere and representations of quivers (Q523687)

The generalized Deligne-Simpson problem is the following problem. Given points \(a_1,\dots,a_p\in\mathbb{C}\), positive integers \(k_0,\dots,k_p\) and orbits \(\mathcal{O}_i\subset \mathrm{Mat}(n\times n,z^{-k_i}\mathbb{C}[[z]]/\mathbb{C}[[z]])\) (which are called Hukuhara-Turittin-Levelt normal forms) one must find an irreducible differential equation \[ \frac{dY}{dz}=(\sum_{i=1}^p\sum_{j=1}^{k_i} \frac{A_i^j}{(z-a_i)^j}-\sum_{2\leq j\leq k_0}A_j^0z^{-j-2})Y, \] with singularities in \(a_0=\infty,a_1,\dots,a_p\) such that \(A_i(z)=\sum_{j=1}^{k_i}A_i^jz^{-j}\), \(i=0,\dots,p\) where \(A_1^0=-\sum_{i=1}^pA_1^i\) belongs to the orbit \(\mathcal{O}_i\). The authors associate with a Deligne-Simpson problem a quiver, a positive integer corresponding to each vertex of the quiver, a complex number corresponding to each vertex of the quiver. In terms of these objects, a necessary and sufficient condition is formulated which guaranties the existence of a solution of the generalized Deligne-Simpson problem. Also in this paper, a description of the moduli space of meromorphic connections on a trivial bundle with prescribed collection of Hukuhara-Turittin-Levelt normal forms at singularities is given. More precisely, it is described as an explicitly defined subspace in the quiver variety. Such description were not know before in the general case.