Non-topological solutions in a generalized Chern-Simons model on torus (Q523849)

Let \(\Omega\) be a two dimensional flat torus. The author studies the quasi-linear elliptic equation with Dirac source terms \[ (1-e^v)\Delta v-e^v|\nabla v|^2+\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}e^v(1-e^v)^2=4\pi\sum_{j=1}^N\delta_{p_j},\quad\text{in}\quad\Omega,\tag{1} \] arising in the generalized self-dual Chern-Simons-Higgs gauge theory. Here, \(\varepsilon\) is a positive parameter and \(p_1,\dots,p_N\in \Omega\) are called vortex points. Given a sequence \(\{v_\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}\) of solutions to \((1)\), the author proves that, up to a subsequence, one of the following two cases may occur: (i) \(v_\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\) a.e. in \(\Omega\) and \(v_\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\) in \(L^p(\Omega)\) for any \(p>1\), as \(\varepsilon\rightarrow 0\), (ii) \(v_\varepsilon \rightarrow -\infty\) a.e. in \(\Omega\), as \(\varepsilon\rightarrow 0\). The solutions corresponding to the case (i) are called topological solutions and their existence is ensured, for \(\varepsilon\) small enough, by the results established in [\textit{X. Han}, Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 16, 90--102 (2014; Zbl 1304.35586)]. The solutions corresponding to the case (ii) are called non-topological solutions and the author proves their existence by constructing, for \(N=2k\), a sequence of solutions \(\{v_\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}\) satisfying the following properties: \[ \lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0} \sup_{\Omega}v_\varepsilon =-\infty; \] \[ \frac{e^{v_\varepsilon}}{\int_\Omega e^{v_\varepsilon}dx}\rightarrow \frac{1}{k}\sum_{i=1}^k\delta_{q_i}, \] in the sense of measure as \(\varepsilon\rightarrow 0\), \ for suitable \(q_i\in \Omega \setminus \{p_1,...,p_{2k}\}\).