Renormalizable expanding Baker maps: coexistence of strange attractors (Q525541)

The authors consider in the present paper the following one-parameter family of two-dimensional piecewise linear maps \(\{\Lambda_{t}\}_{t\in [0, 1]}\) where \(\Lambda_{t}:\mathcal{T}\rightarrow\mathcal{T}\) is given by \[ \Lambda_{t}(x,y)= \begin{cases} (t(x+y),t(x-y)) & \text{if} \; (x, y) \in \mathcal{T}_{0}, \\ (t(2-x+y),t(2-x-y)) & \text{if} \; (x, y) \in \mathcal{T}_{1}, \end{cases} \] where \(\mathcal{T}=\mathcal{T}_{0}\cup \mathcal{T}_{1}\) and \(\mathcal{T}_{0} = \{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^{2}: 0\leq x\leq 1, 0\leq y\leq x\}\), \(\mathcal{T}_{1} = \{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^{2}: 1\leq x\leq 2, 0\leq y\leq 2-x\}.\) They also introduce the notions of Expanding Baker Maps (EBMs) and renormalizable Expanding Baker Maps in a two-dimensional scenario. EBMs are defined on compact and convex domains of \(\mathbb{R}^{2}\) which are characterized for a very particular dynamics: they fold some domain and, after that, they expand the folded region. The authors also provide some different types of attractors arising in the family \(\Lambda_{t}\), when the parameter \(t\) varies from \(2^{-1/2}\) to \(1\). For a one-parameter family of EBMs, the authors give the existence of an interval of parameters for which the corresponding transformation is renormalizable. To achieve this purpose, the authors prove the following: there exist three values of the parameter \(t\), \(2^{-1/2}<t_{3}<t_{2}<t_{1}=2^{-2/5}\), such that \(\Lambda_{t}\) is a \(n\)-time renormalizable EBM for every \(t\in (2^{-1/2}, t_{n})\), \(n=1, 2, 3\). The authors prove some lemmas to show their results on renormalization EBMs. Three renormalization EBMs are described by the authors as follows. In the first renormalization, it is established that a connected strange attractor gives rise to an eight-piece strange attractor. The coexistence of two strange attractors is given by the second renormalization. The third renormalization concerns the existence of certain interval of parameters. The authors mention the following four conjectures: Conjecture 1. For every \(n = 1, 2, 3\) there exists an interval of parameters \(I_{n}\subset (2^{-1/2}, t_{n})\) such that \(\Lambda_{t}\) displays, at least, \(2^{n-1}\) different strange attractors. Conjecture 2. There exists a decreasing sequence \(\{t_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\), convergent to \(2^{-1/2}\), such that \(\Lambda_{t}\) is a \(n\)-time renormalizable EBM for every \(t\in (2^{-1/2}, t_{n})\). Conjecture 3. There is no value of \(t\) for which \(\Lambda_{t}\) is infinitely many renormalizable. Conjecture 4. For each natural number \(n\) there exists an interval \(I_{n}\subset (2^{-1/2}, t_{n})\) such that \(\Lambda_{t}\) displays at least \(2^{n-1}\) different strange attractors.