On a certain generalization of triangle singularities (Q527699)

Let \(\mathbf p=(p_1,\ldots,p_n)\) be an \(n\)-tuple of integers \(p_i\geq 1\), called the weight sequence. The affine algebraic group \(G(\mathbf p)=\{(t_1,\ldots,t_n)\in\mathbb C^{\times n}\mid t_1^{p_1}= \cdots=t_n^{p_n}\}\) acts on affine \(n\)-space \(\mathbb A_n=\mathbb C^{\times n}\) by \((t_1,\ldots,t_n)(x_1,\ldots,x_n)=(t_1x_1,\ldots,t_nx_n)\). Let \(L(\mathbf p)\) be the rank one abelian group on generators \( \overrightarrow X_1,\ldots,\overrightarrow X_n\) with relations \(p_1\overrightarrow X_1=\cdots=\overrightarrow p_n\overrightarrow X_n\); the Hopf algebra \(\mathbb C[L(\mathbf p)]\) of \(L(\mathbf p)\) represents the affine algebraic group \(G(\mathbf p)\). Therefore the \(G(\mathbf p)\)-action on \(\mathbb A_n\) corresponds to a graduation of \(\mathbb C[X_1,\ldots,X_n]\); the graduation is defined by \(X_i\) being homogeneous of degree \(\overrightarrow X_i\), \(i\in\{1,\ldots,n\}\). \textit{W.\ Geigle} and \textit{H.\ Lenzing} [in: Singularities, representation of algebras and vector bundles. Lambre 1985, Springer Berlin, LNM 1273, 265--297 (1985; Zbl 0748.18007)] endowed the set-theoretic quotient \(\mathbb P_{n-1}(\mathbf p)=\mathbb C^n\setminus\{0\}/G(\mathbf p)\) with an \(L(\mathbf p)\)-graded sheaf theory, defining on \(\mathbb P_{n-1}(\mathbf p)\) the geometric structure of a \textit{weighted} projective space. Let \(n\geq 3\) and assume that \(1/p_1+\cdots+1/p_n<1\). Call \(\overrightarrow c:=p_1\overrightarrow X_1=\cdots=p_n\overrightarrow X_n\) the \textit{canonical} element and \(\overrightarrow \omega :=\overrightarrow c-(\overrightarrow X_1+\cdots+\overrightarrow X_n)\) the \textit{dualizing} element (this definition differs from the definition in the paper of Geigle and Lenzing) of \(L(\mathbf p)\). Let \(F:=X_1^{p_1}+\cdots+X_n^{p_n}\), a homogeneous element in \(\mathbb C[\,X_1,\ldots,X_n\,] \) of degree \(\overrightarrow c\), set \(T:=\mathbb C[\,X_1,\ldots,\,X_n\,]/(F)\) with induced grading, and \(R:=\bigoplus_{k\geq0}R_k\) with \(R_k:=T_{k\overrightarrow \omega}\). Let \(\mathfrak m=\bigoplus_{k\geq 1}R_k\) be the irrelevant ideal of \(R\); \(R\) is said to be a hypersurface if \(\dim_{\mathbb C}(\mathfrak m/\mathfrak m^2)=\dim(R)+1\). Let \(n=3\). In this case the isolated singularity at the origin of \(\text{Spec}(R)\) is called a triangular singularity, and the weight \(\mathbf p\) is called the signature of the singularity. This case has been dealt with by \textit{I.\ V.\ Dolgačev} [Funkcional.\ Anal.\ i Priložen 8, 160--161 (1974; Zbl 0295.14017)] (this is not the paper of Dolgačev cited by the authors in the bibliography). Dolgačev has shown: \(\text{Spec}(R)\) is a hypersurface iff the signature \(\mathbf p\) is one of the 14 signatures shown in Table 1 of the paper under review. If \(n\geq 4\), the singularity of \(\text{Spec}(R)\) at the origin is called a generalized triangular singularity, and \(\mathbf p\) is its signature. The main result of the paper is Th.\ 1.2: For any integer \(n\) greater than 3, there are only finitely many signatures \(\mathbf p\) such that \(\text{Spec}(R)\) is a hypersurface. Moreover, the proof of this theorem gives an algorithm in order to classify all hypersurface generalized triangle singularities for any given \(n\geq 4\). The list of hypersurface generalized triangle singularities for \(n= 4\) is given in Table 2. Also, the proof of Th.\ 1.2 shows: For any integer \(n\geq4\), the generalized triangle singularity associated with signature \(\mathbf p\) is an isolated hypersurface singularity iff \((1/p_1+\cdots+1/p_n)+1/(p_1\cdots p_n)=1\). The \(a=a(S)\)-invariant of a graded Gorenstein ring \(S\) is defined by \(K_S=S(a)\) where \(K_S\) is the graded canonical module of \(S\). In Th.\ 1.4 it is shown: Let \(n\geq4\) and \(R\) be a hypersurface generalized triangle singularity, then \(a(R)=1\). For the case \(n=3\) the authors refer to a paper of \textit{P. Wagreich} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 262, 367--389 (1980; Zbl 0454.30036)].