A remark on a condition raised by Tikhonov: an example in \(L^1\) convergence of Fourier series (Q532068)

A non-negative sequence \(A = \{a_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is said to be a mean value bounded variation sequence \((\{a_n\} \in MV BV S)\) if there is a \(\lambda\geq 2\) such that \[ \sum^{2n}_{k=n}|a_k -a_{k+1}| = \sum^{2n}_{k=n} | \Delta a_k | \leq\frac{C(A)}{n} \sum^{[\lambda n]}_{k=[\lambda^{-1}n]} a_k \leqno{\text{(MV)}} \] holds for all \(n=1,2,\dots\), and some constant \(C(A)\) depending only upon the sequence \(A\). Let \(L_{2\pi}\) be the space of all integrable functions of period \(2\pi\), and for \(f \in L_{2\pi}\), define the \(L^1\) norm as \[ \| f\| _{L^1} = \int^{2\pi}_0 | f(x)| \, dx. \] \(S_n(f, x)\) is the \(n\)-th partial sum of the Fourier series of \( f \in L_{2\pi}\). The main result proved by the author is as follows: Let \(f \in L_{2\pi}\) \[ f \sim \frac{a_0} {2}+ \sum^{\infty}_{n=1} a_n\cos nx. \] If \(A = \{a_n\}^\infty_{n=1} \in MV BV S\), then a necessary and a sufficient condition for \[ \lim_{n\to \infty} \| f - S_n(f)\| _{L^1} = 0 \] is that \[ \lim_{n\to\infty} a_n \log n = 0. \] The author then gives a counterexample that, if condition (MV) is not satisfied, then \[ \lim_{n\to\infty} a_n \log n = 1. \] Here is how he states the counterexample: There exists a non-negative sequence \(\{a_n\}\) satisfying the condition \[ \sum^\infty_{k=n}| \Delta a_k| \leq C \sum^\infty_{k=[\frac n 2 ]}\frac{a_k} k \] but not the condition (MV) such that the series \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n \cos nx \) converges in \(L^1\) norm (which also implies \(f \in L_{2\pi})\) while \[ \limsup_{n\to \infty} a_n \log n = 1 . \]