On the weak analogue of the Trotter-Kato theorem (Q532951)

The authors replace the strong by the weak operator topology in the Trotter-Kato approximation theorem for \(C_0\)-semigroups on Banach spaces and discuss the validity of the relevant implications. More precisely, there are considered \(C_0\)-semigroups on a Banach space \(X\), \(T(\cdot)\) and \(T_n(\cdot), \;n\in {\mathbb N}\), with generators \(A\) and \(A_n, \;n\in {\mathbb N}\), respectively. There are also considered a core \(D\) for \(A\) and the following assertions: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(a)] \(D\subset D(A_n)\) for every \(n\in {\mathbb N}\) and \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}A_nx=Ax\) weakly for all \(x\in D\); \item[(b)] for every \(x\in D\) there exists \(x_n\in D(A_n)\) such that \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x_n=x\) weakly and \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}A_nx=Ax\) weakly; \item[(c)] \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}R(\lambda,A_n)x=R(\lambda,A)x\) weakly for every \(x\in X\) and some \(\lambda\) with \(\text{Re} \lambda >\omega\); \item[(d)] \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}T_n(t)x=T(t)x\) weakly for every \(x\in X\), uniformly in \(t\) on compact intervals. \end{itemize}} The authors prove that, under some hypotheses, \((d)\Rightarrow (c)\Rightarrow (b) \Leftarrow(a)\), while some of the conditions \((a), (b)\) and \((c)\) imply \((d)\) in general.