Behavior of solutions to linear and semilinear parabolic pseudo-differential equations (Q533733)

The authors study nonnegative solutions of initial value problems of the type \[ \partial_t u+(-\Delta)^\alpha u= u^p, \quad u(0,x)=u_0(x)\geq 0,\tag \(*\) \] where \(1/2<\alpha<1\) and \(1<p\). Theorem C gives the growth order, as \(\lambda\to 0+\), of the life-span \(T(\lambda)\) of \(u\), where the initial conditions are \[ u_0=\lambda\psi, \qquad 0\leq\psi(x)\leq c(1+|x|)^{-n-2\alpha}. \] In particular, with \(p_*(\alpha)=1+2\alpha/n\), it is shown that \(T(\lambda)<\infty\) if \(1<p\leq p_*(\alpha)\), and that \(T(\lambda)=\infty\) if \(p_*(\alpha)<p\), \(0<\lambda\) sufficiently small. We point out that \(p_*(1)\) equals the critical exponent of the classical paper \textit{H. Fujita} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I 13, 109--124 (1966; Zbl 0163.34002)], where the semilinear heat equation is studied, i.e., where \(\alpha=1\) holds. The following results of the paper are basic to the global analysis of \((*)\): Theorem A gives asymptotic properties of the fundamental solution \(W^{(\alpha)}(t,x)\) of the linearized equation \(\partial_t u+(-\Delta)^\alpha=0\). Theorem B gives local in time existence and regularity of solutions of the initial value problems \((*)\).