A generalization of the Jacobi triple product formula and some applications (Q533963)

Let \({\mathbb K}\) be a commutative field, \(f(X)=\sum_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}A_nX^n\), \(A_n\in{\mathbb K}^*\), \[ Q(X,Y)=\sum_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}A_nX^nY^{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}}. \] The author proves that, formally, \[ Q(X,Y)=A_0\prod_{p=0}^\infty[1+\alpha_{-p}(Y)X^{-1}][1-c_{p+1}Y^{p+1}][1+\alpha_{p+1}(Y)X], \] where for \(p\in{\mathbb Z}\) \[ \alpha_p(Y)=\sum_{q\geq |p|}u_p(q)Y^q\in {\mathbb K}[[Y]] \] and \(c_p\in{\mathbb K}\) for \(p\geq 1\). This decomposition is unique and one has \[ u_q(q)=\frac{A_q}{A_{q-1}},\forall q\geq 1 \] and \[ u_q(|q|)=\frac{A_{q-1}}{A_q},\forall q\leq 0. \] Let \(f(x)=\sum_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}A_nx^n \) be a Laurent series with coefficients in \({\mathbb C}^*\), \(\Omega=\sup_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}|\frac{A_{n-1}A_{n+1}}{A_n^2}|\) and \(\rho_0\) the positive root of \(\sum_{k=1}^\infty\rho^{k^2}=\frac 12\), \(y\in {\mathbb C},|y|<\rho_0^2\Omega^{-1}\). Then \[ Q(x,y)=A_0\exp(d(y)) \prod_{p\leq 0}(1+\alpha_p(y)x^{-1}) \prod_{p\geq 1}(1+\alpha_p(y)x), \] where the infinite products converge normally on every compact of \({\mathbb C}^*\). If \(\Omega<\rho_0^2=0,2078\dots\) then the series \(f(x)\) converges in \({\mathbb C}^*\) and its zeros can be explicitly calculated as the sum or the inverse of the sum of series whose terms are polynomial expressions in \(\frac{A_{n-1}A_{n+1}}{A_n^2}\). If \(A_n\in {\mathbb R}^*\) and \(\Omega\leq\rho_0^2 \) then \(f(x)\) converges in \({\mathbb C}^*\) and its zeros are real. As an application: \[ \frac{\sigma(n)}{n}=\sum_{\nabla_n}(-1)^{(\sum_{i\neq 0}r_i)}\left[\frac{(\sum_{i\neq 0}r_i-1)!}{\prod_{i\neq 0}r_i!}\right], \] where \(\sigma(n)\) is the sum of divisors of \(n\), and \(\nabla_n\) is the set of sequences of natural integers \((r_i)_{i\in{\mathbb Z}^*}\) almost everywhere zero such that \(\sum_{i\neq 0}ir_i=0\) and \( \sum_{i\neq 0}\frac{i(i+1)}{2}r_i=n\).