Cuntz-Krieger algebras and wavelets on fractals (Q537655)

A Cuntz-Krieger algebra associated with an \(N\times N\) matrix \(A\) having entries in \(\{0,1\}\) is the \(C^\ast\)-algebra generated by nonzero partial isometries \(S_0,\dots, S_{N-1}\) satisfying \(S_i^\ast S_i = \sum_j A_{ij} S_j S_j^\ast\) and \(\sum_{i=0}^{N-1} S_i S_i^\ast = 1\). A {\textit{semibranching function system}} \(\{\sigma_0,\dots, \sigma_{N-1}\}\) defined on subsets \(D_i\) of a measure space \((X,\mu)\) is one such that the \(\sigma_i\) have pairwise disjoint ranges whose union is equal to \(X\) a.e.-\(\mu\) and such that the Radon-Nikodým derivatives \(\Phi_{\sigma_i}=d(\mu\circ\sigma_i)/d\mu\) are strictly positive a.e.-\(\mu\) on \(D_i\). A {\textit{coding map}} \(\sigma\) is a simultaneous left inverse, \(\sigma\circ\sigma_i (x)=x\) on \(D_i\) for each \(i=0,\dots, N-1\). Given a semibranching system with coding map \(\sigma\), one can construct an associated family of linear operators \(\{T_i\}_{i=0}^{N-1}\) acting on \(L^2(X,\mu)\) via \[ (T_i \psi)(x) =\chi_{\sigma_i(D_i)}(x) (\Phi_{\sigma_i}(\sigma(x)))^{-1/2} \psi(\sigma(x)). \] It is shown that \(T_iT_i^\ast\) is the projection given by multiplication by \(\chi_{\sigma_i(D_i)}\), while \(T_i^\ast T_i\) is the projection given by multiplication by \(\chi_{D_i}\) and, consequently, that the operators \(T_i\) define a representation of the Cuntz algebra, that is, \(T_i^\ast T_i=1\) and \(\sum T_i T_i^\ast=1\) on \(L^2(X,\mu)\). The specific case of Cantor sets and subshifts of finite type is studied. In this case, \(X=\Lambda_A =\{w=\{x_n\}_{n=0}^\infty : A_{x_i,x_{i+1}}=1\}\), which can be topologized as a Cantor set of admissible \(N\)-ary expansions. Here, the left-shift operator \(\sigma(x_0x_1x_2\dots)=(x_1x_2\dots)\) is a coding map for the semibranching process with maps \(\sigma_i(w)=iw\), where \(D_i=\{w=\{x_n\}\in\Lambda_A: A_{i,x_0}=1\}\) with image \(\Lambda_A(i)=\{w:x_0=i\}\). It is shown then that the corresponding \(T_i\) define a representation of the Cuntz algebra on \(L^2(\Lambda_A,\mu_A)\), where \(\mu_A\) is the Hausdorff measure of dimension corresponding to that of \(\Lambda_A\) as a subset of \([0,1]\). The operators \(T_i\) are analysed more concretely in conjunction with the Perron-Frobenius operator \(P_\sigma =\sum_i \Phi_{\sigma_i}^{1/2} T_i^\ast\). A second concrete Cuntz algebra is defined in terms of mappings on Sierpinski fractals. These two motivating examples and a third one defined in terms of Fourier transforms lead to a general formulation of wavelets on fractals expressed in terms of the Cuntz-Krieger relations. These wavelets give rise to orthonormal bases for \(L^2(\Lambda_A,\mu)\) in the Cantor-like case. Other examples discussed include wavelets on a sink-free directed graph.