Square roots of elliptic operators and Hardy spaces (Q542448)

It is well known that \(\|\nabla f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}\sim \|(-\Delta)^{1/2}f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}\) for \(1<p<\infty\) and \(\|\nabla f\|_{H^1(\mathbb R^n)}:= \sum_{j=1}^{n}\|\partial_{x_j} f\|_{H^1(\mathbb R^n)}\sim \|(-\Delta)^{1/2}f\|_{H^1(\mathbb R^n)}\), where \(H^1(\mathbb R^n)\) is the classical real Hardy space. The author extends the above relations in two directions. One is to strongly Lipschitz domains in \(\mathbb R^n\), or complete Riemannian manifolds or graphs. The other is to replace \(\Delta\) by second order divergence form elliptic operators on \(\mathbb R^n\), by the Hodge Laplacian on a Riemannian manifold, and by the discrete Laplacian on a graph. The author surveys the above results mainly done by the author and his collaborators. The contents are as follows: 1. Notations. 2. Introduction. 3. Hardy spaces on strongly Lipschitz domains and second order divergence form elliptic operators. This part is from the work [\textit{P. Auscher} and \textit{E. Russ}, J. Funct. Anal. 201, No. 1, 148--184 (2003; Zbl 1033.42019)]. 4. Limiting estimates for the root of second order divergence form elliptic operators on strongly Lipschitz domains in \(\mathbb R^n\). This part is mainly from the work [\textit{P. Auscher, E. Russ} and \textit{P. Tchamitchian}, J. Funct. Anal. 218, No. 1, 54--109 (2005; Zbl 1073.46022)]. 5. Square root of the Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds. This part is from the works [\textit{P. Auscher, A. McIntosh} and \textit{E. Russ}, J. Geom. Anal. 18, No. 1, 192--248 (2008; Zbl 1217.42043)] and [\textit{M. Marias} and \textit{E. Russ}, Ark. Mat. 41, No. 1, 115--132 (2003; Zbl 1038.42016)]. 6. Square root of certain elliptic operators on graphs. This part is from the works [\textit{N. Badr} and \textit{E. Russ}, Publ. Mat., Barc. 53, No. 2, 273--328 (2009; Zbl 1185.60080)] and [\textit{E. Russ}, Math. Scand. 87, No. 1, 133--160 (2000; Zbl 1008.60085)]. 7. Fractional powers of elliptic operators. This part is from the works [\textit{T. Coulhon, E. Russ} and \textit{V. Tardivel-Nachef}, Am. J. Math. 123, No. 2, 283--342 (2001; Zbl 0990.43003)], [\textit{C. Mouhot, E. Russ} and \textit{Y. Sire}, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 95, No. 1, 72--84 (2011; Zbl 1208.26025)], and [\textit{E. Russ} and \textit{Y. Sire}, Stud. Math. 203, 129--162 (2011)]. 8. Conclusion.