Topological symmetry groups of \(K_{4r+3}\) (Q542536)

The topological symmetry group of an embedded graph \(\Gamma\) is the subgroup of the automorphism group of \(\Gamma\) induced by (orientation-preserving) diffeomorphisms of the pair \((S^3, \Gamma)\); it is denoted \(\mathrm{TSG}_+(\Gamma)\). In the paper under review, the authors investigate the topological symmetry groups of complete graphs. They prove several useful lemmas concerning the types of automorphisms that can be induced by particular groups of diffeomorphisms, and apply their results to complete graphs on \(4r+3\) vertices. Their main result is to prove: Theorem. Let \(n = 4r+3\). A finite group \(G\) is isomorphic to \(\mathrm{TSG}_+(\Gamma)\) for some embedding \(\Gamma\) of \(K_n\) in \(S^3\) if and only if one of the following holds: {\parindent6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] \(G\) is \(\mathbb{Z}_2\); \item[2.] \(G\) is \(D_p\) or \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) where \(p\) is odd and either \(p | n\), \(p | (n-1)\), \(p | (n-2)\), or \(p | (n-3)\) \item[3.] \(G = \mathbb{Z}_p \times \mathbb{Z}_q\) where \(p\) and \(q\) are odd, \(p | q\) and one of the following holds: \end{itemize}} -- \(pq | n\). -- \(p = 3\) and \(pq | (n-3)\). -- \(p = q= 3\) and \(pq | (n-6)\).