Hopf bifurcation for two types of Liénard systems (Q550011)

Consider the Liénard system \[ \dot x= y- F(x),\quad \dot y= -x(x+ 1).\tag{\(*\)} \] In the case \[ F(x)= {\sum^n_{i=0} a_ix^i\over 1+\sum^m_{i=1} b_i x^i} \] the system \((*)\) has the equilibrium \(E(0,a_0)\), and the following result is proved. Theorem 1. The maximum number of limit cycles of the system \((*)\) near \(E(0,a_0)\) is not larger than \([{4n+2m-4\over 3}]- [{n-m\over 3}]\) for \(n\geq m\), and not larger than \([{4m+2n-4\over 3}]- [{m-n\over 3}]\) for \(m> n\). In the case \[ F(x)\begin{cases} \sum^n_{i=1} a^+_i x^i\quad &\text{for }x> 0,\\ \sum^n_{i=1} a^-_i x^i\quad &\text{for }x\leq 0,\end{cases} \] the system \((*)\) has the origin as equilibrium, and the authors prove the following result: Theorem 2. The Hopf cyclicity of the origin of the system \((*)\) is \([{3m+2n-1\over 3}]\) for \(m\geq n\) and \([{3n+2m-1\over 3}]\) for \(n> m\).