On the critical nongauge invariant nonlinear Schrödinger equation (Q550363)

The authors prove an existence and uniqueness result for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation posed in \(\mathbb{R}\times (0,\infty )\) and written as \(iu_{t}+\frac{1}{2}u_{xx}=i\mu \overline{u}^{\alpha }u^{\beta }\). The solution starts with initial data \(u_{0}\in \mathbf{H}^{1}\cap \mathbf{H} ^{0,1}\) at \(t=0\). Here, \(\beta >\alpha \geq 0\), \(\alpha +\beta \geq 2\), \(\mu =-i^{\omega /2}t^{\theta /2-1}\), \(\omega =\beta -\alpha -1\) and \(\theta =\alpha +\beta -1\). The main result of the paper proves the existence of a unique weak solution \(u\in \mathbf{C}([1,\infty );\mathbf{H}^{1}\cap \mathbf{ H}^{0,1})\) of this Cauchy problem, assuming that \(\left\| u_{0}\right\| _{\mathbf{H}^{1}}+\left\| u_{0}\right\| _{\mathbf{H} ^{0,1}}\) is small enough and further hypotheses on the Fourier transform \( \widehat{u_{0}}=\mathcal{F}(u_{0})\) of \(u_{0}\). Moreover, an explicit decay expression is given for \(u\) when \(t\) goes to \(\infty \). The authors first observe that the presence of the term \(\overline{u}^{\alpha }u^{\beta }\) leads to a nongauge invariance property if \(\beta -\alpha \neq 1\). The first step of the proof of the existence and uniqueness result consists of studying the properties of linear operators of the type \(\mathcal{A}_{H}\phi =\int_{ \mathbb{R}}e^{-it\xi \eta }H(t,\xi ,\eta )\phi (\xi ,\eta )d\eta \) where \(H\) is a given kernel which satisfies some growth properties. The second step consists of writing the solution \(u\) as \(u(t)=\mathcal{U}(t)\mathcal{F} ^{-1}\varphi (t)\) where \(\varphi (t)=\mathcal{FU}(-t)u(t)\), or to use the Hayashi-Ozawa transformation \(u=M\mathcal{D}_{t}v\) with \(v=\mathcal{V} (t)\varphi \) where \(\mathcal{V}(t)\) is some linear operator. This is specially introduced for the study of the term involving \(\overline{u} ^{\alpha }u^{\beta }\). The proof starts with a classical local existence result. The authors present their computations with great detail.