Well-posedness for the fourth-order Schrödinger equations with quadratic nonlinearity (Q553404)

The author studies the local well-posedness of the initial-value problem (IVP) for the fourth-order Schrödinger equation \[ iu_t+ \Delta^2u-\varepsilon\Delta u\pm Q_i(u,\overline u)= 0,\quad (x,t)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R},\quad u(0)= u_0\in H^s(\mathbb{R}), \] where \(Q_1(u,\overline u)=\overline u^2\), \(Q_2(u,\overline u)= u^2\), \(Q_3(u,\overline u)= u\overline u\), and \(\varepsilon\in \{-1,0,1\}\). For \(s,b\in\mathbb{R}\), let \(X_{s,b}\) denote the completion of \(C^\infty_0\) with respect to \[ \| f\|_{X_{s,b}}= \|\langle\xi\rangle^2 \langle\tau- q(\xi)\rangle^b\widehat f(\xi,\tau)\|\quad\text{in }L^2_{\xi,\tau}, \] where \(q(\xi)= \xi^4+ \varepsilon\xi^2\), \(\langle\xi\rangle= 1+|\xi|\). Theorem 1. Let \(b= 1/2+\eta\). (a) \(\| Q_i(u,\overline u)\|_{X_{s,b-1}}\lesssim\| u\|^2_{X_{s,b}}\), \(i= 1,2\), whenever \(\eta> 0\) and \(0\geq s>-7(1-2\eta)/4\). (b) \(\| Q_3(u,\overline u)\|_{X_{s,b-1}}\lesssim\| u\|^2_{X_{s,b}}\), whenever \(\eta>0\) and \(0\geq s>-3/4+\eta\). Here \(A\lesssim B\) means \(A\leq CB\) for some large \(C\). Theorem 2. (a) For any \(s\leq-7/4\) and any \(b\in\mathbb{R}\), the estimates for \(Q_i\) with \(i= 1,2\), fail. (b) For any \(s\leq-3/4\) and any \(b\in\mathbb{R}\), or \(s=-3/4\) and any \(b\geq 1/2\), the estimate for \(Q_3\) fails. Theorem 3. (a) Let \(s\in(-7/4, 0]\). Then, for any \(u_0\in H^s\), there exist \(T=T(\| u_0\|_{H_s})\) and a unique solution \(u(t)\) of the IVP with \(Q=Q_i\), \(i=1,2\), satisfying \(u\in C([-T,T];H^s(\mathbb{R}))\) and \(u\in X_{s,1/2+}\). The dependence of \(u\) on \(u_0\) is Lipschitz. (b) For the IVP with \(Q=Q_3\), the results in the above (a) hold for \(s\in(0/4,0]\). The author proves the above theorems by using an estimate on dyadic block from the \([k,\mathbb{Z}]\)-multiplier norm argument.