On quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mappings (Q554793)

The authors introduce a new class of mappings called quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent maps and study the relation between these mappings and some other forms of confluent maps. A subset \(W\) of a topological space \((X,\mathcal T)\) is an \(\omega\)-open set if and only if for each \(x\in W\), there exists \(U \in \mathcal T\) such that \(x \in U\) and \(U \setminus W\) is countable. A space \(X\) is an \(\omega\)-continuum if it is \(\omega\)-connected and \(\omega\)-compact. A mapping \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) is said to be confluent provided that for each continuum \(K\) and for each component \(C\) of \(f^{-1}(K)\) we have \(f(C)=K\). A mapping \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) is said to be quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent (resp.quasiconfluent) if for each \(\omega\)-continuum (resp.continuum) \(K\) in \(Y\) and for each quasicomponent \(QC\) of \(f^{-1}(K)\) we have \(f(QC)=K\). Then the authors prove several results about some operations on quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mappings such as composition, factorization, pullbacks and products. The main results of the paper are: {\parindent7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] Every \(\omega\)-confluent mapping is quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent. \item[(2)] Every quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) of a compact Hausdorff space \(X\) into a Hausdorff space \(Y\) is \(\omega\)-confluent. \item[(3)] If \(X\) is hereditarily locally connected, then any quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) is \(\omega\)-confluent. \item[(4)] Let \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) be a mapping of a zero-dimensional space \(X\) into a space \(Y\). Then \(f\) is \(\omega\)-confluent if and only if \(f\) is quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent. \item[(5)] Let \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) be a surjective quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) of a compact Hausdorff space \(X\) into a space \(Y\) and \(g:Y\rightarrow Z\) a quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping of a space \(Y\) into a Hausdorff space \(Z\). Then, \(h = g\circ f\) is a quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping. \item[(6)] If \(X\) is a hereditarily locally connected space and if \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) and \(g:Y\rightarrow Z\) are two quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mappings such that \(f\) is an onto closed or open map, then \(h = g\circ f\) is a quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping. \item[(7)] If \(X\), \(Y\) and \(Z\) are Hausdorff spaces, \(X\) is a compact space, and if \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) is a surjective \(\omega\)-confluent mapping and \(g:Y\rightarrow Z\) a quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping, then \(h = g\circ f\) is an \(\omega\)-confluent mapping. \item[(8)] If \(X\), \(Y\) and \(Z\) are Hausdorff spaces, \(X\) is a compact space, and if \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) is a surjective quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping and \(g:Y\rightarrow Z\) an \(\omega\)-confluent mapping, then \(h = g\circ f\) is a quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping. \item[(9)] The pullback of a quasiconfluent mapping is quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent. \item[(10)] If \(Y\) is a zero-dimensional space and if \(f:X\rightarrow Y\) is a quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent mapping then the pullback of \(f\) is quasi-\(\omega\)-confluent. \end{itemize}}