The topological degree for noncompact nonlinear mappings in Banach spaces (Q5548622)

The authors provide an extension of the Leray-Schauder theory of the degree of a map. Let \( G \) be an open subset of a Banach space \( X \), and let \( T: \bar{G} \rightarrow X \) be continuous and such that \( I-T \) is locally compact (i.e. each point of \( \bar{G} \) has a neighbourhood \( N \) such that \( (I-T)(N) \) is relatively compact in \( X) \) and \( T^{-1}(a) \) is compact for a given element \( a \) of \( X \). The degree \( \operatorname{deg}(T, G, a) \) of \( T \) on \( G \) over a is defined to be the Leray-Schauder degree of \( T \) over \( a \) on any open neighbourhood \( V \) of \( \mathrm{T}^{-1}(a) \) such that \( (I-T)(V) \) is relatively compact in \( X \). It is shown that \( \operatorname{deg}(T, G, a) \) is well-defined for any a such that \( {T}^{-1}(a) \) is a compact subset of \( G \), and that it has certain familiar properties, e.g. additivity, and the existence of a solution of \( \mathrm{Tx}=\mathrm{a} \) if \( \operatorname{deg}(T, G, a) \neq 0 \). The notion of degree is then defined for maps \( T \) of the form \( T u=S(u, u) \), where \( S: \bar{G} \times \bar{G} \rightarrow Y \) ( \( Y \) being a Banach space) and for each fixed \( v \) in \( \bar{G} \), \( S(\cdot, v) \) is a homeomorphism of \( G \) onto an open subset \( G_{v} \) of \( Y \) which maps \( G \) homeomorphically onto \( \bar{G}_{v} \), while the \( \operatorname{map} v \rightarrow S(\cdot, v) \) is a locally compact map of \( \bar{G} \) onto the space of homeomorphisms of \( \bar{G} \) into \( Y \), with the topology of uniform convergence on \( \bar{G} \). By way of application of the theory the following fixed point theorem is derived: Let \( G \subset X \) be open and convex with \( O \in G \), let \( U: \bar{G} \rightarrow X \) be strictly contractive, and let \( R: \vec{G} \rightarrow X \) be locally compact. Suppose that for each \( t \geq 1 \), \( t I- \) \( (U+R) \) has a compact set of zeros in \( \bar{G} \) which does not intersect the boundary of \( G \). Then \( U+R \) has a fixed point in \( G \).