The number of periodic solutions of some analytic equations of Abel type (Q555054)

This paper studies the number of periodic solutions of some analytic equations of Abel type. The basic tool used is the so-called Jensen's lemma, which allows to estimate the number of zeros of a holomorphic function in a domain \(D\). The standard version of this lemma assumes that \(D\) is a disk. In this paper, the author considers the more straightforward form of Jensen's lemma, the explicit Christoffel-Schwarz formula that maps the unit disk onto a rectangle. This allows to state a version of Jensen's lemma for the rectangle, where all the quantities involved are explicit and expressed in terms of elliptic functions. Once this result is obtained, it can be applied to many equations, such that a modified version of \textit{Yu. Ilyashenko}'s technique [Nonlinearity 13, No.~4, 1337--1342 (2000; Zbl 1016.34028)] is applicable to the following differential equation of polynomial type \[ x' = x^n + \sum_{j=0}^{n-1}a_j(t) x^j \] with function \(a_j\) continuous and 1-periodic.