Multiple positive solutions to singular positone and semipositone Dirichlet-type boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional differential equations (Q555096)

The authors establish the existence of multiple positive solutions to positone and semipositone Dirichlet-type boundary value problems of the nonlinear fractional differential equation \[ \begin{aligned} {\mathbf D}^\alpha_{0+} u(t)+f(t,u(t))&= 0,\quad 0<t<1,\\ u(0)=u(1)&= 0\end{aligned} \] by using the Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and a fixed-point theorem on cones, where \(1<\alpha<2\) is a real number and \({\mathbf D}^\alpha_{0+}\) is the standard Riemann-Liouville derivative. Here, the nonlinear function \(f\) may be singular at \(u=0\). Examples are provided to illustrate the theory.