Cartan's concept of duality for second-order ordinary differential equations (Q557161)

The paper discusses the theory of second-order ordinary differential equations initiated by Élie Cartan in 1924 [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 52, 205--241 (1924; JFM 50.0500.02 )], as renewed by a recent paper of \textit{S. Frittelli, C. Kozameh, E.T. Newman} [Differential geometry from differential equations, Commun. Math. Phys. 223, 383--408 (2001; Zbl 1027.53080)]. In order to help the modern reader in understanding Cartan's approach, the authors recall and use Sharpe's modern account of Cartan's theory of connexions.