Solutions to the Lorentz force equation with fixed charge-to-mass ratio in globally hyperbolic space-times (Q557194)

Let \((\Lambda,g)\) be a \(4\)-dimensional Lorentzian manifold with the metric \(g\) having the signature \((+---)\), and consider a point particle of rest mass \(m\) and electric charge \(q\), moving in the electromagnetic field \(F\). The particle moves according to the Lorentz law \(D_s(\frac{dx}{ds})= \frac{q}{mc^2} \widehat{F}(x)[\frac{dx}{ds}]\), where \(x=x(s)\) is the world line of the particle, \(dx/ds\) is its four-velocity, \(D_s(dx/ds)\) is the covariant derivative of \(dx/ds\) along \(x(s)\), with respect to the Levi Civita connection of \(g\) and \(\widehat{F}(x)\) is the linear operator of \(T_x\Lambda\) defined in terms of \(F\) by \(g(x)[v,\widehat{F}(x)[w]]=F(x)[v,w]\), \(v,w\in T_xA\). The authors show that, for an exact electromagnetic field on a globally hyperbolic manifold \(\Lambda\), the above equation has at least one time-like future-oriented solution connecting two given events \(x_0\) and \(x_1\) with \(x_1\) in the chronological future of \(x_0\), for any charge-to-mass ratio \(q/m\) in a suitable neighborhood of \(0\in{{R}}\). Theorem: Let \((\Lambda, g)\) be a time-oriented Lorentzian manifold. Let \(\omega\) be a one-form (\(C^2\)) on \(\Lambda\) and \(F=d\omega\). Assume that \((\Lambda, g)\) is a globally hyperbolic manifold. Let \(x_1\) be an event in the chronological future of \(x_0\) and suppose there is no null geodesic connecting \(x_0\) and \(x_1\). Then there exist at least two future-oriented time-like solutions of the considered equation, connecting \(x_0\) and \(x_1\), for any given value of \(q/m\). The two curves coincide only if they are geodesics.