Spherical functions on \(\text{Sp}_2\) as a spherical homogeneous \(\text{Sp}_2\times (\text{Sp}_1)^2\)-space (Q557563)

Let \({\mathcal G}= \text{Sp}_2\times(\text{Sp}_1)^2\) and \({\mathbf X}= \text{Sp}_2\), where \((\text{Sp}_1)^2\) is embedded into \(\text{Sp}_2\) and the action of \({\mathcal G}\) on \({\mathbf X}\) is given by \({\mathbf g}*{\mathbf x}= g_1x^t g_2\) for \({\mathbf g}= (g_1,g_2)\in \text{Sp}_2\times (\text{Sp}_1)^2\), \(x\in \text{Sp}_2\). Let \(G ={\mathcal G}(k)\) and \({\mathbf X}= {\mathbf X}(k)\) where \(k\) is a \(p\)-adic field. Set \(K={\mathcal G}(O)\) where \(O\) is the ring of integers of \(k\). A non-zero function \(\psi\in C^\infty(K\setminus X)\) is called a spherical function on \(X\) if it is an \(H(G, K)\) -- common eigenfunction which means there exists a \(C\)-algebra map \(\lambda: (G, K)\to C\) satisfying \(f*\psi= \lambda(f)\psi\). Taking a set \(\{d_i\mid 1\leq i\leq 4\}\) of basic relative \(B\)-invariants and a character \(\chi\) of \(K^*/(K^*)^2\), construct a typical spherical function \[ \omega(x;\chi; s)= \int_K\chi\left(\prod^4_{i=1} d_i(k* x)\right)\prod^4_{i=1}|d_i(k* x)|^{s_i}\, dk\quad (x\in X,\;s\in C^4) \] where \(|\;|\) is the absolute value on \(k\) and \(dk\) is the Haar measure on \(K\) and the integral on the right-hand side is absolutely convergent if \(\text{Re}(s_i)\geq 0\) \((1\leq i\leq 4)\) and analytically continued to a rational function \(q^{s_1},\dots, q^{s_4}\), where \(q\) is the residual number of \(k\). Introduce a new variable \(z\) related to \(s\) by \(z_1= s_1+ s_2+ s_3+ s_4+ 2\), \(z_2= s_3+ s_4+ 1\), \(z_3= s_1+ s_3+ 1\), \(z_4= s_2+ s_3+ 1\) and write \(w(x;\chi; z)\). Under the assumption that \(k\) has odd residual character the main results of this paper are the following: (i) A complete set of representatives of \(K\)-orbits in \(X\) is obtained. (ii) For each \(\chi\), a rational function \(F_\chi(z)\) is obtained for which \(F_\chi(z)\omega(x; \chi;z)\) belongs to \(C[q^{{\pm Z_1\over 2}}; q^{{\pm Z_2\over 2}}; q^{{\pm Z_3\over 2}}; q^{{\pm Z_4\over 2}}]\) and is invariant under the action of the Weyl group \(W\) of \(G\). (iii) An explicit formula of \(w(x;\chi;z)\) is given which depends on the property whether \(\chi\) is trivial on the unit group \(O^\times\) or not. (iv) Employing spherical functions as kernel function an \(H(G, K)\)-module isomorphism \(S(K\setminus X)\) which is free of rank 4 is obtained. A free basis is also given. (v) Eigenvalues for spherical functions are parameterized by \(z\). The space of spherical functions on \(X\) corresponding to \(z\in C^4\) has dimension 4 and a basis is given explicitly. The explicit expressions of spherical functions on \(p\)-adic groups have been obtained by I. G. Macdonald, W. Casselman, J. Shalika, F. Sato, Yumiko Hironaka, S. Kato, A. Murase and T. Sugano etc. For the present case, a result of Y. Hironaka (1999) has been used.