Upper and lower solutions for the singular \(p\)-Laplacian with sign changing nonlinearities and nonlinear boundary data (Q557706)

The paper stydies the boundary value problem \[ -\bigl(\varphi_p(u')\bigr)'=q(t)f(t,u),\quad 0<t<1,\quad u(0)=0,\quad \Psi\bigl(u(1)\bigr)+u'(1)=0, \] which may be singular at \(u=0,\;t=0\) and \(t=1.\) Here \(\varphi_p(s)=| s| ^{p-2}s,\;p>1\), \(q\in C(0,1)\cap L^1[0,1]\) with \(q>0\) on \((0,1)\), \(f\in C([0,1]\times(0,\infty),\mathbb{R})\) is allowed to change sign and \(\Psi\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) may be nonlinear. A general existence theorem is obtained under the existence of lower and upper solutions. To prove it, the singular problem by a sequence of nonsingular problems. The solvability of each approximating problem is approximated and the considered singular problem follows from Schauder's fixed-point theorem and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem, respectively. Constructing lower and upper solutions and using the obtained general existence theorem, the authors establish a solution \(u\in C[0,1]\cap C^1(0,1]\) such that \(u(t)>0\) for \(t\in(0,1]\) and \(\varphi_p(u')\in C^1(0,1).\)