On the Diophantine equation \(x^2= y^p+2^kz^p\) (Q558171)

The equation of the title is attacked using a Frey curve, Ribet's level-lowering theorem and a method due to Darmon and Merel. All the solutions in pairwise coprime integers \(x, y, z\) \((p \geq 7, k \geq 2)\) are determined. In particular, previous results of various authors are combined to obtain a complete solution for the equation \(x^2 + 2^k = y^n\) for \(n \geq 3\).