Inertial forms and Koszul complex associated with plurihomogeneous polynomials (Q558723)

Let \(K\) be a commutative ring, consider \(s\geq 1\) ``packages'' of indeterminates \({\underline X}_i = (X_{i0},\dots, X_{in_i})\), \(i=1,\dots ,s\) and \(r\geq 1\) ``generic'' plurihomogeneous polynomials of multidegree \((d_{j1},\dots ,d_{js})\) in these indeterminates: \[ f_j = \sum U_{j,{\alpha}_1,\dots ,{\alpha}_s}{\underline X}_1^{{\alpha}_1} \dots {\underline X}_s^{{\alpha}_s},\;j=1,\dots r, \] summation over \({\alpha}_i\in {\mathbb N}^{n_i+1},\;| {\alpha}_i| =d_{ji}, \;i=1,\dots s\). Let \(A = K[U_{j,{\alpha}_1,\dots ,{\alpha}_s}| ~ 1\leq j \leq r,\dots ]\), \(C = A[{\underline X}_1,\dots ,{\underline X}_s]\), \(\mathfrak M\) the ideal of \(C\) generated by the monomials \(X_{1i_1}\dots X_{si_s},\;0\leq i_1\leq n_1,\dots ,0\leq i_s\leq n_s\) and \(B = C/(f_1,\dots ,f_r)\). The ideal of inertial forms of \(f_1,\dots , f_r\) is the ideal \(\mathcal T = {\bigcup}_{\nu \geq 1}((f_1,\dots ,f_r): {\mathfrak M}^{\nu})\) of \(C\) and \(\mathfrak U = \mathcal T\cap A\) is the resultant ideal. For \(s = 1\) one gets the classical notions. The authors first remark that \(\mathcal T = {\bigcup}_{\nu \geq 1} ((f_1,\dots ,f_r):{\sigma}^{\nu})\), where \(\sigma = X_{1n_1}\dots X_{sn_s}\) and that, denoting by \(A^{\prime}\) the \(K\)-subalgebra of \(A\) generated by the coefficients of \(f_j\) different from \(f_j(0,\dots ,0,1,\dots ,0,\dots ,0,1)\), \(j=1,\dots ,r\), the composite \[ A^{\prime}[{\underline X}_1,\dots , {\underline X}_s]_{\sigma}\rightarrow C_{\sigma}\rightarrow B_{\sigma} \] is an isomorphism. They deduce from this a generalization of some formulae obtained, in the case \(s = 1\), by \textit{O. Perron} [``Algebra I'', 3rd ed. (1951; Zbl 0045.29702)] and by \textit{R. Perrin} [C.R. CVI, 1789--1791 (1888; JFM 20.0137.02)]. Then, noting that \(\mathcal T/(f_1,\dots ,f_r)\simeq \text{H}^0_{\mathfrak M}(B)\), and using the method of \textit{J. P. Jouanolou} [Adv. Math. 37, 212--238 (1980; Zbl 0527.13005)] which consists in a cohomological study of the double complex \(K^{\bullet}\otimes {\check C}^{\bullet}\), where \(K^{\bullet}\) is the Koszul complex associated to \(f_1,\dots ,f_r\) and \({\check C}^{\bullet}\) is the Čech complex computing \(\text{H}^i_{\mathfrak M}(C)\), the authors prove several results concerning the multigraded components of \(\text{H}^0_{\mathfrak M}(B)\), generalizing results obtained by Jouanolou in the case \(s = 1\), which, in turn, improved some classical results of \textit{A. Hurwitz} [Annali di Mat. (3) 20, 113--151 (1913; JFM 44.0142.02)]. They also recover a theorem of \textit{N. H. McCoy} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 35, 215--233 (1933; Zbl 0006.09906)].