Wave propagation in the cochlea (inner ear): Effects of Reissner's membrane and non-rectangular cross-section (Q579044)

The wave propagation in the inner ear (cochlea) is simulated with consideration of the complicated structure. The cochlea represents a system consisting of three parallel, fluid-filled tubes, which are separated from each other by two ``membranes'' (basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane). The dimensions vary in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of Reissner's membrane and of the non-rectangular cross-section. The problem is solved analytically for rectangular cross-sections of the tubes and two parallel ``membranes'', separated by a narrow tube. To solve the problem for arbitrary cross-sections of the tubes and for arbitrary locations of the membranes, the finite element method is applied to the fluid flow. With respect to the mechanics of the ``membranes'' a numerical harmonic analysis is carried out to eliminate higher-order derivatives in the membrane and plate equations, respectively. Following Whitham and others [e.g. \textit{G. B. Whitham}, Linear and nonlinear waves (1974; Zbl 0373.76001)], the slow variation of the cross-section is discussed by applying the WKB-method. The deflection of the basilar membrane is related to the selectivity of the inner ear. The results of this investigation show that the shape of the bony structure surrounding the three tubes is of minor importance. By way of constrast the mechanics of the inner ear is strongly influenced by Reissner's membrane, although it is very thin. It is shown that this membrane contributes essentially to the cochlea's excellent frequency selectivity, which has not been fully explained previously.