Examples of symplectic structures (Q579635)

The author constructs a family \(\{\tilde w_ k\); \(k\in Z\), \(k\geq 0\}\) of symplectic forms on a compact manifold \(\tilde Y\) which have the same homotopy theoretic invariants, but which are not diffeomorphic. The construction, inspired by \textit{M. Gromov} [Invent. Math. 82, 307-347 (1985; Zbl 0592.53025)] can be summarized as follows. Let \(Y=S^ 2\times T^ 2\times S^ 2\times S^ 2\), \(Z=S^ 2\times S^ 2\) and \(i: Z\hookrightarrow Y\) the symplectic embedding \(i(z)=(z,w_ 0,u_ 0)\). Now, let \(\tilde Y=S^ 2\times T^ 2\times (S^ 2\times S^ 2\#\overline{CP}^ 2)\) be the blow up of Y along i(Z). Then it is possible to construct a family \(\{\tilde w_ k\); \(k\in Z\}\) of symplectic forms on \(\tilde Y\) such that (1) there is a family \(\{\tilde w_ t\); \(t\in R\}\) of symplectic forms on \(\tilde Y\) which extends the family \(\{\tilde w_ k\); \(k\in Z\};\) (2) the forms \(\tilde w_ k\) and \(\tilde w_{-k}\) are diffeomorphic for each \(k\in Z;\) (3) no two of the forms \(\tilde w_ k\), \(k\geq 0\) are diffeomorphic. To prove (3), the author shows that there exists a particular family of pseudo-holomorphic curves which twists around another, the twisting being measured by a generalized Hopf invariant.