Ein v. Staudt-Clausenscher Satz für periodische Bernoullizahlen. (A theorem of von Staudt-Clausen type for periodic Bernoulli numbers) (Q580424)

Let k, n be relatively prime integers, \(1\leq k<n\). The numbers \(B^ m_ k =m (i/2)^ m \cot^{(m-1)}(\pi k/n)\), \(m\geq 2\), belong to the n-th cyclotomic field \({\mathbb{Q}}(\xi)\), \(\xi =\exp (2\pi i/n)\). They occur as values of certain simple Dirichlet series at the argument m and can be regarded as generalized Bernoulli numbers. Therefore the arithmetic properties of these numbers arouse some interest. If n is not a prime, \(B^ m_ k /m\) is an algebraic integer. In the other case, i.e. \(n=p^ e\), p prime, \(B^ m_ k /m\) is integral outside the place \({\mathfrak p}=(\lambda)\), \(\lambda =\xi -1\). We describe the \({\mathfrak p}\)-adic fractional part \(\sum_{j\geq 1}a_ j\lambda^{- j}\), \(a_ j\in {\mathbb{Z}}\), \(0\leq a_ j\leq p-1\), of \(B^ m_ k /m\) (resp. of \(B^ m_ k\), if \(e=1\) and \(m\equiv 0\) mod p) explicitly. It depends only on the residue class of m modulo p-1, and its coefficients \(a_ j\) are certain Stirling numbers of the second kind. In particular, the \({\mathfrak p}\)-adic absolute value of \(B^ m_ k /m\) (resp. \(B^ m_ k)\) is periodic modulo p-1.