Is a fully-developed and non-isothermal flow possible in a vertical pipe? (Q581139)

This is a good paper from the engineering point of view. The behaviour of the flow of a fluid in a vertical pipe is well-known but not well- understood. The author has considered in this paper the stability of the fully-developed flow in a heated vertical pipe and showed that it is supercritically unstable. The stability of such a flow is governed by the two parameters Re (Reynolds number) and Ra (Rayleigh number). The author's theoretical predictions agree in general with the experimental results carried out 25 years ago, but now the author has given correct parametric values of Ra, Re to determine the region of stability. The effects of heating (or cooling) on the stability of developing flow and entry-length flow in a vertical pipe are most important from the engineering point of view. Hence these studies are worth giving attention by the research workers. Civil engineers, mechanical and aerospace engineers will find this paper most interesting.