Adiabatic limit in the Ginzburg-Landau and Seiberg-Witten equations (Q5890632)

Hyperbolic Ginzburg-Landau equations are an essential part of the mathematical models used in the gauge field theory. They result from the Ginzburg-Landau Lagrangian \({\mathcal{L}}(A,\Phi )\) defined on the plane. From a point of view of Theoretical Physics these equations arise as the Euler-Lagrange equations for the (\(2 + 1\))- dimensional abelian Higgs model. These equations have the form \(\partial_{i}F_{ij}=0\) (\(j=1,2\)), \(\nabla_{A}^2\Phi = (\lambda /2)\Phi(|\Phi |^2-1)\), where the variable \(A\) is the electromagnetic vector potential, which is a \(U(1)\)-connection on the plane \(\mathbb{R}_{(x_1,x_2)}^2\) represented by the one-form \(A=A_1dx_1+A_2dx_2\). The variable \(\Phi \) is the Higgs field or ``order parameter''; it is a smooth complex- valued function \(\Phi = \Phi_1 + i\Phi_2\) defined on \(\mathbb{R}_{(x_1,x_2)}^2\). The moduli space of the static solutions of these equations, called vortices, was described for the first time by Taubes. Here the author asserts that ``little is known about the moduli space of the dynamic solutions''. During [Phys. Lett., B 110, No. 1, 54--56 (1982; Zbl 1190.81087)] \textit{N. S. Manton} begins to study the dynamic solutions with small kinetic energy as for this purpose makes use of the adiabatic limit by introducing the so-called ``slow time'' on solution trajectories. Note that in this limit the dynamic solutions converge to geodesics in the space of vortices w.r.t. the metric generated by a kinetic energy functional. Then the original equations reduce to Euler geodesic equations. Thus obtain slowly moving dynamic solutions. It turns out that the above stated idea has a four-dimensional analog. \textit{N. Seiberg} and \textit{E. Witten} [Nucl. Phys., B 431, No. 3, 484--550 (1994; Zbl 1020.81911); ibid. 426, No. 1, 19--52 (1994; Zbl 0996.81510)] proposed new invariants of symplectic four-dimensional manifolds. These invariants are determined by using the equations which are now called the Seiberg-Witten equations. Note that the Seiberg-Witten equations are Abelian, and can be obtained from the supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in a limit frame. It turns out that Seiberg-Witten equations defined on four-dimensional symplectic manifolds have an analog of the adiabatic limit. Here the author focuses on the study of this adiabatic limit. The solutions of the Seiberg-Witten equations reduce to families of vortices in normal planes to pseudoholomorphic curves. These curves are complex analogs of geodesics parameterized by ``complex time''. The converse Taubes construction is shown as well. It contains the inverse assertion: ``If we have a pseudoholomorphic curve and a family of vortex equations in the normal planes that satisfy the adiabatic equation, then from these data we can reconstruct a solution of the Seiberg-Witten equations that tends in the adiabatic limit to the original pseudoholomorphic curve and given family of vortex solutions''.