Rate of Cesàro summability of double orthogonal series (Q5892659)

In this paper the rate of a.e. Cesàro summability of double orthogonal series from \(L^2\) under conditions ensuring a specific rate of decrease of the coefficients of these series is investigated. Let a positive double sequence \(\lambda(n)=\lambda(n_1,n_2)\) be such that \(\lambda(n)\,\uparrow \infty\) as \(\max (n_1,n_2)\rightarrow \infty.\) Put \[ \triangle_{n}^{\alpha}(x)=| f(x)-\sigma_{n}^{\alpha}(x)| ,\quad n\in Z^{2}_{+},\;x\in(0,1). \] It is required to find a function \(\gamma\,(n) = \gamma \left( \{\lambda(n)\},n,\alpha\right)>0\) possessing the following properties: (i) if \[ \sum_{i \geq 0} \alpha_i^2 \lambda^2 (i)< \infty,\quad i\in Z^{2}_{+}\,,\tag{1} \] then for every ONS \(\varphi \in \Phi\) we have \[ \triangle_{n}^{\alpha}(x)\,=\,o_x\{\gamma(n)\}\quad \text{as}\quad \min(n_1,n_2)\rightarrow \infty\;\text{a.e. in}\;(0,1); \] (ii) for any sequence \(v(n)\rightarrow \infty\) as \(\max(n_1,n_2)\rightarrow \infty\) there exists an orthogonal series \[ \sum_{i \geq 0} \alpha_i \varphi_i (x) \] such that condition \((1)\) is satisfied, but for all \(x\,\in \left(0,1 \right)\) we have \[ \lim\limits_{\min(n_1,\,n_2)\rightarrow \infty}\sup\,\, v(n)\,\gamma^{-1}(n)\,\triangle_{n}^{\alpha}(x)=\infty. \] The problem was completely solved for single series and for the method \(\left(C,1\right)\) by \textit{V. I. Kolyada} [Candidate thesis, Odessa Univ. (1973)], and for the method \(\left(C,\alpha >0\right)\) by \textit{V. A. Andrienko} [Anal. Math. 15, No.~4, 263--281 (1990; Zbl 0731.42028)]. In this paper analogues of the corresponding one-dimensional results are proved for double orthogonal series and any \(\alpha=\left(\alpha_1,\alpha_2 \right) > 0.\) The proof is based on the realization of the well-known Kaczmarz-Zygmund approach, which reduces the study of the a.e. \(\left(C,\alpha \right)\)-summability of the orthogonal series \((1)\) to the study of the a.e. convergence of a lacunary subsequence of their partial sums, on the estimates of the partial sums and their deviations from the function \(f.\)