Inequalities for polynomials with a prescribed zero (Q5896262)

If P(z) is a polynomial of degree n such that \(P(1)=0\), then it is known that \[ _{| z| =1}| P(z)/(z-1)| \leq frac{1}{2}n_{| z| =1}| P(z)|. \] In the present paper we prove, by a new, simple and analytical method, a sharpened form of the above inequality. In lieu of requiring that the maximum of \(| P(z)|\) on the right hand side of this inequality be taken on \(| z| =1\), we only assume that it be taken over the nth roots of -1. The proof is based on the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the following lemma which is also of independent interest. Lemma. Let P(z) be a polynomial of degree n and \(z_ 1,z_ 2,...,z_ n\) be the zeros of \(z^ n+a\), \(a\neq 0\). Then for any complex number \(\beta\) such that \(\beta^ n+a\neq 0\), we have \[ P'(\beta)=(n\beta^{n-1}/a+\beta^ n)P(\beta)+(a+\beta^ n/na)\sum^{n}_{k=1}P(z_ k)z_ k/(z_ k-\beta)^ 2 \] and \[ (1/na)\sum^{n}_{k=1}(z_ k\beta /(z_ k-\beta)^ 2)=-n\beta^ n/(a+\beta^ n)^ 2. \]