A construction of the fundamental solution for the relativistic wave equation. I (Q5903286)

In this paper, the authors construct the fundamental solution of the Dirac equation: \(D_ 0\phi (x)=(\alpha (D+A(x))+m\beta +A_ 0(x))\phi (x)\equiv H(D,x)\phi (x)\), where \(x=(x^ 0,x)\in {\mathbb{R}}\times {\mathbb{R}}^ 3\), \(D_{\mu}=(-i)\partial /\partial x^{\mu}\) \((\mu =0,1,2,3)\), \(m>0\) is the mass of an electron, \(\alpha_ k\) \((k=1,2,3)\) and \(\beta\) are \(4\times 4\) Hermitian constant matrices with \(\alpha_ k\alpha_ j+\alpha_ j\alpha_ k=2\delta_{kj}\), \(\alpha_ k\beta +\beta \alpha_ k=0\), \(\beta^ 2=1\), and \(A_{\mu}\) \((\mu =0,1,2,3)\) the electromagnetic potentials which are real-valued functions on \({\mathbb{R}}^ 4\). It is assumed that \(A_{\mu}\in C^{\infty}({\mathbb{R}}^ 4)\) and that each of their first derivatives belongs to \({\mathcal B}({\mathbb{R}}^ 4)\). Let \[ \Gamma (x^ 0,y^ 0)\phi (x)=\int d\xi \int dye^{i\xi \cdot (x-y)}e^{i(x_ 0-y_ 0)H(\xi,x)}\phi (y). \] It is proved that there exists a family of unitary operators \(U(x^ 0,y^ 0)\) \((x^ 0,y^ 0\in {\mathbb{R}})\) on \({\mathcal K}=L^ 2({\mathbb{R}}^ 3;C^ 4)\) defined by \[ U(x^ 0,y^ 0)=\lim_{| \Delta | \to 0}\Gamma (x^ 0,x^ 0_{N-1})...\Gamma (x^ 0_ 2,x^ 0_ 1)\Gamma (x^ 0,y^ 0), \] where \(\Delta =(x^ 0,x^ 0_{N-1},...,x^ 0_ 2,x^ 0_ 1,y^ 0)\) is a subdivision of the time interval \([x^ 0,y^ 0]\subset {\mathbb{R}}\) with norm \(| \Delta | =\max_{j=0,...,N- 1}| x^ 0_{j+1}-x^ 0_ j|\) \((x^ 0_ N=x^ 0,x^ 0_ 0=y)\) and the limit is taken in the sense of operator convergence on \({\mathcal K}\). \(U(x^ 0,y^ 0)\) is the fundamental solution of the Dirac equation and is an isomorphism on \({\mathcal S}({\mathbb{R}}^ 4;{\mathbb{C}}^ 4)\), the space of rapidly decreasing \(C^ 4\)-valued functions, for \(\phi\) belonging to a subset of \({\mathcal K}\).