An interpolation problem for real polynomials by their means between consecutive zeros (Q5903525)

Notations. \(\Delta x_ j=x_ j-x_{j-1}\), \(\Delta \lambda_ j=\lambda_ j-\lambda_{j-1}\). The author considers the interpolation problem of real polynomials by their mean value between pairs of consecutive zeros. The main result of the present paper is Theorem 1. In order that for any given positive numbers \(A_ 1,A_ 2,...,A_ n\) there exist a unique polynomial of the form \(p(x)=\prod^{n}_{k=0}(x- x_ k)\), \(0=x_ 0<x_ 1<...<x_ n\) such that \[ \frac{1}{x_ j=x_{j-1}}\int^{x_ j}_{x_{j-1}}p(x)dx=(-1)^{n-j+1}A\quad_ j,\quad j=1,2,...,n \] it is sufficient that the determinant of the matrix \(B=(b_{ij})\) where \[ b_{ij}=\sum^{n}_{k=j}\frac{1}{y_ i-x_ k}+\delta_{ij}\frac{1}{\Delta x_ j}\quad,\quad i,j=1,2,...,n, \] be nonzero for all \(0=x_ 0<y_ 1<x_ 1<y_ 2<...<y_ n<x_ n\). \(\delta_{ij}\) is the Kronecker delta. The author puts forward several conjectures supported by numerical calculations. One of these conjectures reads: Conjecture \(A_ 1\). Given a nontrivial rational function \(R(x)=\sum^{n}_{k=1}\frac{\lambda_ k}{x-x_ k},\) \(0<x_ 1<x_ 2<...<x_ n\), there is at least one interval \((x_{j-1},x_ j)\), \(j=1,2,...,n\), where \(R(x)+\Delta \lambda_ j/\Delta x_ j\neq 0,\lambda_ 0=x_ 0=0\).