Mathematical analysis II. Transl. from the 4th Russian edition by Roger Cooke (Q5907034)

These two big volumes consist of the well-known advanced course of Calculus written by Professor Vladimir A. Zorich on the base of his lectures to students of Moscow State University. There are four editions of the textbook in Russian; the first of them was printed in 1980 and thus this book has withstood severe test of time; to my mind, the book is one of the best (possibly the best) modern textbook in Analysis. The words of A. N. Kolmogorov ``\dots An entirely logical rigor of discussion \dots{} is combined with simplicity and completeness as well as with the development of the habit to work with real problems from natural sciences'' are a complete and clear characterization of this book. To this it ought to add some words about a good set of problems and exercises essentially adding each section of the book and sections given in the end of the book that contain simple but nonstandard problems which ``are intended to enable the reader both determine his or her degree of mastery of the material and to apply it creatively in concrete situations'' and also to give some recommendations to supplementary reading. Volume 1 contains 8 chapters: Chapter 1, ``Some general mathematical concepts and notation'', deals with the sections: Logical symbolism, Sets and elementary operations on them, Functions, Supplementary material (the cardinality of a set, axioms for set theory, set-theoretic language for proposition). Chapter 2, ``The real numbers'', presents axiomatic theory of reals on the base of Dedekind's axiom about cuts and geometrical interpretation of reals, the rôle of Archimedes' principle, the Cauchy-Cantor nested interval lemma, Heine-Borel finite covering lemma, Bolzano-Weierstrass limit point lemma, and elementary information about countable and uncountable sets. Chapter 3, ``Limits'', is devoted to limits of sequences (including elementary theory of series) and functions; here one can find definition and properties of the general notion of the limit over a base for a function. Chapter 4, ``Continuous functions'', gives basic definitions related to continuous functions and points of discontinuity and classical results about continuous functions on closed segments: the Bolzano-Cauchy intermediate-value theorem, the Weierstrass maximum-value theorem, Cantor-Heine theorem about uniform continuity, and also theorems about discontinuities of monotone functions, about invertibility of continuous monotone functions and some others. Chapter 5, ``Differential calculus'', contains the following sections: Differentiable functions, The basic rules of differentiation, The basic theorems of differential calculus, Differential calculus used to study functions, Complex numbers and elementary functions, Examples of differential calculus in natural sciences, Primitives. One can see that this chapter can be characterized with some nonstandard moments: it presents the theory of complex numbers and the theory of power series with complex coefficients, Euler's formula, explaining the relations between exponential and trigonometrical functions, and the theory of primitives including basic general methods of their finding for elementary functions. Chapter 6, ``Integration'', contains the sections: Definition of the integral, Linearity, additivity and monotonicity of the integral, The integral and derivative (namely here the Newton-Leibniz formula for bounded functions with finite numbers of discontinuities is given), Some applications of integration, Improper integrals. Chapter 7, ``Functions of several variables'', deals with the elementary theory of sets in \(\mathbb{R}^m\) and limits and continuity of functions in several variables. Chapter 8, ``Differential calculus in several variables'', repeats the material of Chapter 5 but for functions in several variables, more precisely, for functions from \(\mathbb{R}^m\) to \(\mathbb{R}^n\). The chapter presents the following sections: The linear structure on \(\mathbb{R}^m\), The differential of a function of several variables, The basic laws of differentiation, Real-valued functions of several variables, The implicit function theorem, Some corollaries of the implicit function theorem, Surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and constrained extrema. The reader can find in this chapter some unexpected things: Morse lemma, Local reduction of functions from \(\mathbb{R}^m\) to \(\mathbb{R}^n\) to canonical form, Tangent spaces for \(k\)-dimensional surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and a modern account of necessary and sufficient conditions for constrained extrema. Volume 2 includes 11 chapters. Chapter 9, ``Continuous mappings (general theory)'', is devoted to some important supplements to Chapters 4 and 7. It contains the sections: Metric spaces, Topological spaces, Compact sets, Connected topological spaces, Complete metric spaces, Continuous mappings of topological spaces, The contraction mapping spaces and, thus, sums up all material concerned with the theme of continuous functions. In a similar manner, Chapter 10, ``Differential calculus from a general point of view'', completes material of Chapters 5 and 8 and sums up all about differential calculus even in frameworks of normed linear spaces (in particular, in this chapter one can find some analysis of extrema for integral functions of the calculus of variations). The chapter contains the sections: Normed linear spaces, Linear and multilinear transformations, The differential of a mapping, The finite-increment (mean-value) theorem, Higher-order derivatives, Taylor's formula and the study of extrema, The general implicit function. Chapter 11, ``Multiple integrals'', is a ``multiple'' variant of Chapter 6 with well-known difference; in Chapter 6 the oriented Riemann integral is considered, but in Chapter 11 the nonoriented integral is studied. The chapter contains the following sections: The Riemann integral over an \(n\)-dimensional interval, The integral over a set, General properties of the integral, Reduction of a multiple integral to an iterated integral, Change of variable in a multiple integral, Improper multiple integral (in this section one find more details than in other textbooks). Chapter 12, ``Surfaces and differential forms in \(\mathbb{R}^n\)'', is devoted to an elementary account of problems concerned with orientation in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and their boundaries, and differential forms on surfaces and their exterior derivatives; this chapter presents the sections: Surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), Orientation of a surface, The boundary of a surface and its orientation, The area of a surface in Euclidean space, Elementary facts abut differential forms. Chapter 13, ``Line and surface integrals'', presents three sections: Integral of a differential form, The volume element, Integrals of first and second kind, and Fundamental integral formulas of analysis. In the last section one can find Green's theorem, the Gauss-Ostrogradskij formula and Stokes' formula as well as the general Stokes formula. Chapter 14, ``Elements of vector analysis and field theory'', gives an informative account of an important part of analysis, namely, the theory of differential operators grad, curl, div and \(\nabla \) for scalar and vector fields in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) and their physical interpretations; as examples the heat equation, the equation of continuity and the wave equation are considered. Sections of this chapter are: The differential operations of vector analysis, The integral formulas of field theory, Potential fields, Examples of applications. Chapter 15, ``Integration of differential forms on manifolds'', consists of the sections: Brief review of linear algebra, Manifolds, Differential forms and integration of manifolds, Closed and exact forms on manifolds; this chapter completes the account of exterior calculus including the important relations with homologies and cohomologies. Chapter 16, ``Uniform convergence and basic operations of analysis'', gathers material about limit functions of the sequence of or the sum of series with continuous functions; here one can find the Arzelà-Ascoli theorem and Stone's theorem. Sections of the chapter are: Pointwise and uniform convergence, Uniform convergence of series of functions, Functional properties of a limit functions, Subsets of the space of continuous functions. The first three sections of Chapter 17, ``Integrals depending on a parameter'', namely: Proper integrals depending on a parameter, Improper integrals depending on a parameter, The Eulerian integrals are standard, however, the next one, Convolution and generalized functions is even unexpected, the material of the latter, Multiple integrals depending on a parameter, usually is absent even in advanced calculus. Chapter 18, ``Fourier series and the Fourier transform'', has the sections Basic general concepts connected with Fourier series, Trigonometric Fourier series, The Fourier transform, and is a short but up-to-date account of this classical subject. The last Chapter 19, ``Asymptotic expansions'', has the sections Asymptotic formulas and asymptotic series and The asymptotics of integrals (Laplace's method), and is a short introduction in this important branch of analysis, usually missing in textbooks of analysis. Both volumes are completed with the sections: Some problems from the midterm examinations, Examination topics, and References, that help the reader to understand the degree of his mastery in calculus. Volume 2 also contains an Index of basic notation; in both volumes there are Subject and Name indices. The author writes: ``This book has been aimed primarily at mathematicians desiring to obtain thorough proofs of the fundamental theorems, but who are at the same time interested in the life of these theorems outside of mathematics itself''. However, I think that this book will be useful to all beginning mathematicians (students and post-graduate students in mathematics, natural sciences, engineering and technology) who want seriously to study analysis and also all specialists (first and foremost, lecturers and teachers) in analysis and interdisciplinary sciences. Undoubtedly, any mathematical library must have this textbook.