An extension of the Chebyshev polynomials (Q5916175)

Let \(U_{n}(q;\,e^{i\theta})\) be the polynomials defined by the generating function \[ \frac{1}{(1-ze^{i\theta})(1-qze^{-i\theta})}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}U_{n}(q;\,e^{i\theta})z^{n}, \] where \(z\) belongs to the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\), \(-\pi\leq \theta \leq \pi\), \(-1<q\leq 1\). Then \[ U_{n}(q;\,e^{i\theta})=\frac{e^{i(n+1)\theta}-q^{n+1}e^{-i(n+1)\theta}}{e^{i\theta}-qe^{-i\theta}},\;\;n\geq 2, \] \(\displaystyle U_{0}(q;\,e^{i\theta})=1\), \(\displaystyle U_{1}(q;\,e^{i\theta})=e^{i\theta}+qe^{-i\theta}\). These polynomials are arising when studying a \(q\)-analogue of the class of typically real functions and for \(q=1\) they coincide with the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. The authors study the basic properties of the polynomials \(U_{n}(q;\,e^{i\theta})\) such as the three-term recurrence relation, the differential equation of the second order and the orthogonality properties. In addition they consider the related family of polynomials \[ T_{n}(q;\,e^{i\theta})=\tfrac{1}{2}(e^{in\theta}+q^{n}e^{-in\theta}), \] which for \(q=1\) are the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, and give the corresponding properties for this class of polynomials.