On examples concerning integrability theorems for trigonometric series (Q5916178)

We recall that a sequence \(\{\varepsilon_n: n= 1,2,\dots\}\) of nonnegative numbers is said to be weakly nonincreasing if there exist a positive constant \(C\) and a natural number \(n_0\) such that \[ \varepsilon_m\leq C\varepsilon_ n\quad \text{whenever }n_0\leq n\leq m\leq 2n. \] The main result of this paper is the following theorem: For an arbitrary weakly nonincreasing sequence \(\{\varepsilon_n\}\) of nonnegative numbers such that \(\sum\varepsilon_n= \sum\), one can construct a sequence \(\{a_n\}\) of nonnegative numbers such that \(a_n\to 0\) as \(n\to\infty\), \[ \begin{gathered} \sum^\infty_{n=1} |\Delta a_n|<\infty,\quad\text{where }\Delta a_n:= a_n- a_{n+1},\\ |\Delta a_n|\leq\varepsilon_n\quad\text{for all }n\geq 1,\\ n\Delta a_n\to 0\quad\text{as }n\to\infty,\end{gathered} \] and either one of the trigonometric series \[ \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\cos nx, \quad\sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\sin nx \] is not a Fourier series. Furthermore, the construction can be accomplished in such a way that either one of the following two conditions indicated in advance be satisfied: \[ \sum^\infty_{n=1} {a_n\over n}< \infty\quad\text{or }a_n\geq a_{n+1}\quad\text{for all }n\geq 1. \]